Genomic Structure
Genomic Structure - Related Videos
01:26
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes
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2025
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
02:02
Genomics
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2020
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
08:31
Isolation and Genome Analysis of Single Virions using 'Single Virus Genomics'
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Cited by 2 •
2013
Single Virus Genomics (SVG) is a method to isolate and amplify the genomes of single virons. Viral suspensions of a mixed assemblage are sorted using flow cytometry onto a microscope slide with discrete wells containing agarose, thereby capturing the virion and reducing genome shearing during downstream processing. Whole genome amplification is achieved using multiple displacement amplification (MDA) resulting in genomic material that is suitable for sequencing.
08:31
Genome Editing
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2023
A well-established technique for modifying specific sequences in the genome is gene targeting by homologous recombination, but this method can be laborious and only works in certain organisms. Recent advances have led to the development of “genome editing”, which works by inducing double-strand breaks in DNA using engineered nuclease enzymes guided to target genomic sites by either proteins or RNAs that recognize specific sequences. When a cell attempts to repair this damage, mutations can be...
12:04
Mouse Genome Engineering Using Designer Nucleases
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Cited by 14 •
2014
Designer nucleases such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) can be used to modify the genome of mouse preimplantation embryos by triggering both the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) pathways. These advances enable the rapid generation of mice with precise genetic modifications.
FAQs
DNA wrapping around histone proteins creates chromatin, allowing a large genome to fit within chromosomes. This packaging also affects how readily genetic regions can be accessed. Because genes and regulatory sequences occupy defined positions within that organization, changes in chromatin arrangement can influence access to genetic information and contribute to differences in gene expression.
Location within a chromosome can affect how genetic information is used. Genes do not function independently of their surrounding genomic regions; regulatory sequences and other elements occupy specific positions that help shape access to nearby information. Mapping these positions therefore helps researchers relate chromosome organization to gene expression, development, inheritance, and biological variation.
Structural variation changes the organization or amount of genomic material through events such as duplications, deletions, and rearrangements. These changes can alter the placement or dosage of genes and regulatory regions, making their effects distinct from variation that does not reorganize larger genomic segments. Studying these patterns helps connect chromosome changes with disease and evolution.
Genome sequencing, chromosome mapping, and chromatin analysis provide complementary views of organization. Sequencing examines the genetic material itself, mapping determines where regions are positioned on chromosomes, and chromatin analysis addresses how DNA is packaged. Together, these approaches can reveal structural variation and help relate chromosome architecture to the use of genetic information.
Researchers compare information about genomic regions and their chromosomal positions using sequencing, chromosome mapping, and chromatin analysis. Differences in the expected organization can indicate extra, missing, or repositioned material. Identifying these patterns provides evidence of structural variation and supports further investigation into how altered chromosome organization relates to biological traits or disease.
Analysis of chromosome organization supports research on how genetic information is replicated, inherited, and used during development. It also helps investigators study evolution and genetic disorders by identifying structural differences across genomes. In medical research, these findings contribute to personalized medicine by linking an individual’s genomic organization with disease-related information and potential biological responses.