Heart Base Apex
Heart Base Apex - Related Videos
03:58
Apical Resection Neonatal Mouse Model: A Surgical Procedure to Amputate the Ventricular Apex to Study Regenerative Potential in a Neonate Mouse Heart
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2025
In this video, we demonstrate the procedure to surgically remove the left ventricular apex of a neonatal mouse heart.
06:08
Apical Resection Mouse Model to Study Early Mammalian Heart Regeneration
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Cited by 12 •
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A step-by-step video protocol of apical resection is demonstrated in this study. Apical resection is a recently highlighted surgical approach in mammalian heart regeneration research. This study may promote the application of apical resection as a standard methodology in research into the mechanism underlying heart regeneration.
07:27
Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
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Cited by 40 •
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This is a case report of a patient with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) who received a total artificial heart (TAH) as a bridge to heart transplant. The TAH was successfully implanted with modifications to accommodate the patient's congenitally malformed heart.
07:24
Reduction in Left Ventricular Wall Stress and Improvement in Function in Failing Hearts using Algisyl-LVR
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Cited by 34 •
2013
This article describes procedures for implanting a novel hydrogel in failing hearts and quantifying its effect on left ventricular wall stress and function. These procedures have been successfully applied in dogs and humans.
07:47
A Novel Ex vivo Culture Method for the Embryonic Mouse Heart
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Cited by 12 •
2013
Developmental studies in the mouse are hampered by the inaccessibility of the embryo during gestation. To promote the long-term culture of the embryonic heart at late stages of gestation, we developed a protocol in which the excised heart is cultured in a semi-solid, dilute Matrigel.
FAQs
Together, these poles provide a reference axis for describing where cardiac structures lie relative to one another and to the thorax. The base identifies the superior and posterior side of the organ, whereas the apex marks the opposite inferior direction. This orientation lets observers report anatomy consistently during examination, imaging, and dissection.
During ventricular activation, contraction progresses toward the base rather than occurring without direction. This organized progression supports directed ejection of blood, so the axis helps connect cardiac activation with mechanical function. Recognizing that relationship gives biology students a structural framework for interpreting how chamber contraction contributes to circulation.
At the base, attention should focus on the atria and the major vessels that connect there. Their connections distinguish this pole from the ventricularly formed apex and provide relational landmarks for interpreting the heart’s position. In a specimen or image, tracing these structures can therefore clarify orientation before assessing other cardiac features.
In echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography, the landmarks help the viewer determine which direction and region are being displayed. Establishing the base and apex first creates a spatial framework for reading cardiac anatomy, locating connected structures, and recognizing whether an observed feature lies near a pole or within the rest of the organ.
Begin by orienting the specimen using the broad superior and posterior region as the base and the pointed inferior end as the apex. Then inspect the base for atrial and major-vessel connections and the apex for its predominantly left-ventricular formation. This sequence establishes direction before finer anatomy is examined.
They provide stable positional references for describing findings and planning access. During cardiac examination or a surgical approach, identifying whether a structure or abnormality is closer to the base or apex helps communicate its location in relation to the whole heart. The same landmarks also support localization of structural abnormalities across anatomical assessments.