Incompetence
Incompetence - Related Videos
10:04
A Neural Network-Based Identification of Developmentally Competent or Incompetent Mouse Fully-Grown Oocytes
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Cited by 29 •
2018
Here, we present a protocol for non-invasive assessment of oocyte developmental competence performed during their in vitro maturation from the germinal vesicle to the metaphase II stage. This method combines time-lapse imaging with particle image velocimetry (PIV) and neural network analyses.
02:16
Stereotype Content Model
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2020
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence categorization, a person will feel...
05:53
In vivo Electroporation of Developing Mouse Retina
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Cited by 33 •
2011
A method for the incorporation of plasmid DNA into murine retinal cells for the purpose of performing either gain- or loss of function studies in vivo is presented. This method capitalizes on the transient increase in permeability of cell plasma membranes induced by the application of an external electrical field.
10:57
Using In Vivo and Tissue and Cell Explant Approaches to Study the Morphogenesis and Pathogenesis of the Embryonic and Perinatal Aorta
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2017
Protocols for studying the embryonic and perinatal murine aorta using in vivo clonal analysis and fate mapping, aortic explants, and isolated smooth muscle cells are detailed here. These diverse approaches facilitate the investigation of the morphogenesis of the embryonic and perinatal aorta in normal development and the pathogenesis in disease.
12:07
Preparation and Use of HIV-1 Infected Primary CD4+ T-Cells as Target Cells in Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Assays
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Cited by 12 •
2011
Cytotoxicity assays to measure natural killer cell lytic responses to HIV-infected cells is limited by the purity of the target cells. We demonstrate here the isolation of a highly purified population of HIV-1 infected primary T-cell blasts by taking advantage of HIV-1 s ability to down-modulate CD4.
FAQs
Several requirements must align for an inducer to influence a tissue. The tissue needs appropriate receptors to detect the signal, transcription factors to regulate gene activity, signaling pathways to transmit information, and a cellular state compatible with the response. Absence or failure of any of these components can prevent the expected developmental outcome.
Developmental stage can alter the receptors, transcription factors, signaling pathways, or cellular state present in a tissue. As these features change, the same inducer may produce different effects at different times. Incompetence therefore helps explain why a tissue can respond during one stage of development but not another.
The signal alone does not determine the final outcome. Its effect depends on whether the receiving tissue has the molecular and cellular conditions needed to interpret it. Consequently, identical signals can support different patterns of tissue specification or differentiation, or fail to produce a response, when presented to distinct tissues.
Analyzing which tissues respond to an inducer and which do not helps distinguish the signal from the receiving tissue's readiness to interpret it. This comparison can reveal why particular cells acquire specific identities and how developmental patterns arise. It also connects signal interpretation with broader processes of tissue specification and cell differentiation.
In regeneration research, incompetence provides a framework for considering why a tissue may or may not respond to signals that could influence its developmental state. In disease studies, the same concept can help examine failures in signal interpretation. These perspectives support investigation of mechanisms that affect tissue behavior and biological repair.
Changing cell fate requires more than supplying a developmental signal, because the target cell or tissue must also possess the components needed to interpret it. Considering incompetence directs attention to receptors, transcription factors, signaling pathways, and cellular state. This context helps researchers evaluate why an attempted signal-based intervention may produce limited or different results.