In Vivo Production
In Vivo Production - Related Videos
01:20
Drug Product Performance: In Vitro–In Vivo Correlation
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2025
In pharmaceutical development, it's crucial to establish a predictive in vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVC) for two or more formulations to gain a comprehensive understanding of release properties. IVIVC reduces the need for costly in vivo studies and facilitates the establishment of meaningful dissolution specifications with significant cost savings and decreased regulatory burden. Furthermore, a meaningful IVIVC should predict Cmax and AUC within 20%, aligning with FDA guidance while adhering...
09:16
Simultaneous ex vivo Functional Testing of Two Retinas by in vivo Electroretinogram System
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Cited by 36 •
2015
Ex vivo ERG can be used to record electrical activity of retinal cells directly from isolated intact retinas of animals or humans. We demonstrate here how common in vivo ERG systems can be adapted for ex vivo ERG recordings in order to dissect the electrical activity of retinal cells.
05:00
Ex Vivo T Cell Stimulation in the Pancreatic Tumor: A Method to Increase Cytokine Production in T Cells
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2023
This article describes the technique for ex vivo T cell stimulation to increase the intracellular concentration of cytokines such as interferon-gamma or IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha or TNF-alpha in the T cell. These cytokines mediate an effective anti-tumor response and can have a therapeutic role in the...
10:05
In vivo 19F MRI for Cell Tracking
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Cited by 21 •
2013
We describe a general protocol for in vivo cell tracking using MRI in a mouse model with ex vivo labeled cells. A typical protocol for cell labeling, image acquisition processing and quantification is included.
06:12
Production of Double-stranded DNA Ministrings
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Cited by 9 •
2016
The linear covalently closed (LCC) DNA minivector (DNA ministring) is a non-viral gene delivery vector offering high transfection efficiency and is relevant to any DNA delivery application. The production system is simple, rapid, and scalable in vivo. The following protocol provides visual step-by-step instructions for the production of DNA ministrings.
FAQs
In vivo production depends on coordinated cellular activity rather than on a single expression event. Cells can express a target gene, use enzyme-catalyzed reactions to transform substrates, and assemble or secrete the resulting product. Because these steps occur under physiological conditions, native regulation and biological interactions can influence how much product forms and whether it remains functional.
Native machinery supplies the cell’s existing genetic, metabolic, and regulatory capabilities, whereas engineered machinery introduces or modifies functions needed for a target product. Their interaction determines how the target gene is expressed and how substrates move through enzyme-catalyzed pathways. Comparing these contributions helps researchers distinguish effects of cellular regulation from effects introduced by engineering.
Product yield is only one outcome of in vivo production. The biological system also affects product function, cellular localization, secretion, and compatibility with its surroundings. Regulation of gene expression, substrate conversion, and assembly can therefore shape the final result. Assessing these features together gives a more complete view than measuring the amount of product alone.
A study can follow the connected stages of target-gene expression, substrate conversion, product assembly, and secretion within the biological system. Researchers then evaluate the resulting molecule or material for yield, function, localization, and biological compatibility. This approach links production performance with the cellular processes that generated the product, rather than treating output as an isolated measurement.
In vivo production can support several biological product classes, including recombinant proteins, metabolites, and biomaterials. The relevant cellular machinery expresses target genes, processes substrates through enzyme-catalyzed pathways, and may assemble or secrete the desired product. This range makes the approach useful when researchers need to study both product formation and how the biological system handles the product.
The approach provides information about production and biological behavior at the same time. Researchers can examine whether a product forms, retains function, reaches an expected cellular location, and remains biologically compatible. These observations inform biotechnology, medicine, and laboratory research by connecting manufacturing-related performance with the physiological context in which the product is produced.