Neural Signaling
Neural Signaling - Related Videos
16:13
Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro
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Cited by 18 •
2011
Migraine and its transformation to chronic migraine are immense healthcare burdens in need of improved treatment options. We seek to define how neural immune signaling modulates the susceptibility to migraine, modeled in vitro using spreading depression in hippocampal slice cultures, as a means to develop novel therapeutic targets.
08:26
Surgical Implantation of Chronic Neural Electrodes for Recording Single Unit Activity and Electrocorticographic Signals
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Cited by 34 •
2012
We provide useful information for surgeons who are learning the process of implanting chronic neural recording electrodes. Techniques for both penetrating and surface electrode systems are described in a rodent animal model.
10:32
Enumeration of Neural Stem Cells Using Clonal Assays
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Cited by 5 •
2016
Neural stem cells (NSCs) refer to cells which can self-renew and differentiate into the three neural lineages. Here, we describe a protocol to determine NSC frequency in a given cell population using neurosphere formation and differentiation under clonal conditions.
09:48
Neural Activity Propagation in an Unfolded Hippocampal Preparation with a Penetrating Micro-electrode Array
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Cited by 2 •
2015
We have developed an in vitro unfolded hippocampus which preserves CA1-CA3 array of neurons. Combined with the penetrating micro-electrode array, neural activity can be monitored in both the longitudinal and transverse orientations. This method provides advantages over hippocampal slice preparations as the propagation in the entire hippocampus can be recorded simultaneously.
11:02
An Optimized O9-1/Hydrogel System for Studying Mechanical Signals in Neural Crest Cells
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Cited by 1 •
2021
Detailed step-by-step protocols are described here for studying mechanical signals in vitro using multipotent O9-1 neural crest cells and polyacrylamide hydrogels of varying stiffness.
FAQs
Membrane potential provides the electrical state that can change when a neuron receives an effective signal. Once that change reaches the conditions that trigger an action potential, the resulting signal travels along the axon. This sequence links local changes at the neuron to communication with a distant synapse, where the next stage of signaling begins.
When an action potential reaches a synapse, it causes neurotransmitter release. The neurotransmitter crosses the synaptic space and binds receptors on the target cell, altering that cell’s activity. This arrangement allows one neuron to influence another neuron or a muscle or gland, while receptor binding determines how the receiving cell responds.
Receptors provide the point at which a neurotransmitter acts on a target cell. Because neural signaling can reach neurons, muscles, or glands, receptor-mediated effects connect the released chemical message to the activity of the particular target. This step helps translate communication between cells into coordinated responses involved in sensation, movement, and other biological functions.
Neural recording provides an approach for examining activity associated with neural signaling. By studying recorded neural activity, researchers can investigate how signaling relates to functions such as sensory processing, movement, learning, memory, and behavior. In biology, these approaches connect the underlying communication process with observable nervous-system activity and its functional consequences.
Neural signaling supports more than communication between individual neurons. Its coordinated activity helps organisms process sensory information, control movement, and organize learning, memory, and behavior. Examining these functions shows how cellular signaling contributes to broader biological outcomes, linking events at membranes and synapses with the integrated activities of the nervous system.
Studying neural signaling provides a foundation for understanding neurological disorders and for developing ways to influence nervous-system function. Research can support neural recording, drug discovery, and therapies intended to restore or modulate signaling. These applications use knowledge of action potentials, neurotransmitter release, and receptor effects to connect basic biology with clinical and technological goals.