Organ Toxicity
Organ Toxicity - Related Videos
12:57
Investigating the Spreading and Toxicity of Prion-like Proteins Using the Metazoan Model Organism C. elegans
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Cited by 189 •
2015
Prion-like propagation of protein aggregates has recently emerged as being implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. The goal of this protocol is to describe, how to use the nematode C. elegans as a model system to monitor protein spreading and to investigate prion-like phenomena.
08:12
Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
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Cited by 7 •
2018
Understanding enamel formation and possible alterations requires the study of ameloblast activity. Here, we describe a reliable and consistent method to micro-dissect enamel organs containing secretion- and maturation-stage ameloblasts that may be used for further quantitative and qualitative experimental procedures.
14:40
Long-term Lethal Toxicity Test with the Crustacean Artemia franciscana
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Cited by 34 •
2012
This study concerns the development and standardization of a valuable methodological protocol to determine long-term (14 days) lethal toxicity exerted by chemical substances, industrial wastewater or sewage and liquid environmental samples on the saltwater crustacean, Artemia franciscana.
09:06
Growth Assays to Assess Polyglutamine Toxicity in Yeast
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Cited by 3 •
2012
This manuscript describes three complementary protocols for assessing the toxicity of polyglutamine (polyQ)-expansion proteins in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These protocols can easily be modified to monitor the toxicity of other misfolded proteins in yeast.
11:26
Ecotoxicological Method with Marine Bacteria Vibrio anguillarum to Evaluate the Acute Toxicity of Environmental Contaminants
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Cited by 10 •
2017
This work describes a new protocol to assess the ecotoxicity of pollutants, including emerging contaminants such as nanomaterials, using the marine bacterium Vibrio anguillarum. This method allows for the determination of the LC50, or mortality, the concentration that causes a 50% decrease in bacteria culturability, after a 6 h exposure.
FAQs
These processes determine how a chemical, drug, environmental agent, or biological factor reaches tissues and how long its effects may persist. Biology researchers examine them alongside dose because injury can be related to exposure level and the body’s handling of the agent. This analysis helps identify dose-related damage and supports evaluation of potential exposure limits.
They represent different forms of cellular stress and injury that can occur when protective mechanisms are overwhelmed. Oxidative damage can disturb cellular components, mitochondrial dysfunction can impair cell processes, inflammation can amplify tissue injury, and cell death can reduce viable tissue. Identifying these mechanisms helps researchers clarify how an agent produces organ damage.
Researchers combine tissue histopathology with functional tests and biochemical biomarkers. Histopathology provides evidence about tissue structure, functional tests indicate whether an organ is operating normally, and biomarkers offer biochemical evidence of injury or stress. Using these approaches together gives a broader assessment than relying on a single measurement and helps connect cellular effects with organ-level outcomes.
A study can begin by controlling the relevant exposure and dose, then examining biological responses with biochemical biomarkers, tissue histopathology, and functional tests. Researchers compare the resulting findings to identify injury, assess dose-related patterns, and investigate possible mechanisms. Controlled laboratory models help standardize these observations and support consistent evaluation of organ effects.
Controlled laboratory models allow researchers to examine responses under defined conditions while varying exposure or dose. They can then compare biochemical, tissue, and functional findings to determine whether an agent is associated with organ injury. This controlled evidence helps clarify mechanisms of disease and supports assessment of drug safety without depending only on uncontrolled exposure observations.
Findings from toxicity studies help identify harmful effects, relate injury to dose, and evaluate how agents affect organ structure and function. In drug development, this information contributes to safety evaluation and the design of less harmful therapies. For environmental or other exposures, it can help guide exposure limits and clarify mechanisms relevant to disease.