Particle Bombardment
Particle Bombardment - Related Videos
07:14
A Cell-to-cell Macromolecular Transport Assay in Planta Utilizing Biolistic Bombardment
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Cited by 3 •
2010
Macromolecular trafficking between plant cells can be assessed by transiently expressing a fluorescently-tagged protein of interest and analyzing its intra- and intercellular distribution by confocal microscopy.
03:37
Subatomic Particles
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2020
Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom. The Discovery of the Electron The first clue about the subatomic structure came at the end of the 19th century when J.J. Thomson discovered the electron using a cathode ray tube. This apparatus consisted of a sealed glass...
11:59
In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM
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Cited by 5 •
2017
We present a procedure for real-time imaging and elemental composition analysis of boehmite particles in deionized water by in situ liquid Scanning Electron Microscopy.
02:41
Concentration and Purification of Viral Particles
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2026
Source: Fricano-Kugler, C. J., et al. Designing, Packaging, and Delivery of High Titer CRISPR Retro and Lentiviruses via Stereotaxic Injection. J. Vis. Exp. (2016).This video demonstrates the step-by-step process for concentrating and purifying lentiviral particles from a mixed suspension containing host cell debris. The procedure utilizes centrifugation, filtration, and PEG-salt precipitation to isolate viral particles while removing soluble impurities. The final product is resuspended in a...
02:10
The Nucleosome Core Particle
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2020
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins. The paradox Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
FAQs
Delivery success depends on both particle entry and tissue response. When membrane barriers limit alternative delivery routes, some DNA-coated particles can reach cells, but the same physical impact may damage target tissue. Because penetration is not uniform, different cells may receive different amounts of construct. These factors help explain why expression or transformation outcomes can vary across bombarded samples.
Gold and tungsten particles act as physical carriers for plasmid DNA. Their surfaces are coated before acceleration, allowing the genetic construct to travel with the particles toward target tissue. After entry into cells, the delivered DNA may support expression or, under suitable conditions, become integrated into the genome, linking particle behavior to the resulting transformation outcome.
Particle bombardment can lead to either transient expression or genomic integration, representing different fates for the delivered construct. Transient expression occurs when the DNA supports activity without the stated outcome of integration, whereas integration places the construct in the genome under suitable conditions. This distinction matters when interpreting transformation experiments and their longer-term genetic consequences.
A basic gene-gun workflow begins by coating gold or tungsten particles with plasmid DNA. The loaded particles are then accelerated toward the chosen tissue. Particles that enter cells can deliver the construct, allowing transient expression or genomic integration under suitable conditions. This sequence connects preparation of the genetic payload with the biological outcome measured after bombardment.
The method supports plant genetic engineering, transgenic research, and delivery of constructs to tissues or organelles. It is especially relevant for systems that are difficult to transform with biological vectors, because physical acceleration can move genetic material across membrane barriers. Researchers can therefore apply it when vector-based transformation is limiting or when specialized target locations require direct construct delivery.
The method can produce transient expression, genomic integration under suitable conditions, or variable delivery among cells. These outcomes allow experiments to distinguish short-term activity of an introduced construct from transformation associated with DNA incorporation. In plant and transgenic studies, tissue condition and bombardment-related damage must also be considered when interpreting expression or transformation results.