Primitive Atrium
Primitive Atrium - Related Videos
08:17
Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
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Cited by 8 •
2017
The following protocol describes the methodology for the acquisition and analysis of echocardiographic images used to obtain the Left Atrial Volume (LAV), Aorta (Ao) diameter, and Pulmonary Artery (PA) diameter in mice. This technique is a non-invasive, non-terminal procedure that allows assessment of the cardiopulmonary function.
14:37
Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Cited by 19 •
2017
Here, we present human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) culture protocols, used to differentiate hPSCs into CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. This method uses stage-specific manipulation of canonical WNT signaling to specify cells exclusively to either the definitive or primitive hematopoietic program.
04:29
Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins with a Precise Intracardiac Echocardiography Approach
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2023
Accurate intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) shows significant accuracy in estimating the left atrial structure, a prospective and promising cardiac structure estimation method. Here we propose a protocol for three-dimensional modeling of the left atrium and pulmonary veins with ICE and fast anatomical mapping (FAM) catheter remodeling.
07:39
Use of a Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device/Left Atrium to Femoral Artery Bypass System for Cardiogenic Shock
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Cited by 1 •
2021
The following article describes the stepwise procedure for placement of a device (e.g., Tandemheart) in cardiogenic shock (CS) that is a percutaneous left ventricular assist device (pLVAD) and a left atrial to femoral artery bypass (LAFAB) system that bypasses and supports the left ventricle (LV) in CS.
10:17
Assessment of Cellular Bioenergetics in Mouse Hematopoietic Stem and Primitive Progenitor Cells using the Extracellular Flux Analyzer
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Cited by 3 •
2021
The method presented here summarizes optimized protocols for assessing cellular bioenergetics in non-adherent mouse hematopoietic stem and primitive progenitor cells (HSPCs) using the extracellular flux analyzer to measure the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of HSPCs in real time.
FAQs
Atrial septation proceeds through a coordinated sequence rather than a single event. As the septum primum grows toward the endocardial cushions, the ostium primum is progressively created and then closed. The ostium secundum preserves blood flow during this remodeling, linking septal formation to continued fetal circulation.
The ostium secundum maintains an opening after the ostium primum closes. This continuity allows blood flow to persist while the first septum changes position and structure. Its presence therefore prevents septation from interrupting fetal circulation prematurely and marks an essential intermediate stage in the organization of the developing atrial region.
The septum secundum forms beside the septum primum and contributes to the arrangement that leaves the foramen ovale. Rather than simply eliminating communication between the developing atrial regions, this sequence preserves a fetal shunt. The relationship between the two septa is therefore central to understanding how atrial separation accommodates fetal blood flow.
Following the changing relationships among the septum primum, septum secundum, and foramen ovale provides a structural framework for interpreting the shift from fetal circulation to the postnatal arrangement. The developmental sequence shows how an early interatrial passage is incorporated into cardiac remodeling, making atrial development relevant beyond embryonic anatomy alone.
A useful analysis follows the progression from septum primum growth, to interaction with the endocardial cushions, to ostium primum closure, and then to septum secundum formation beside the first septum. Examining these events in order connects changing anatomy with maintained blood flow and clarifies how the fetal atrial pathway is established.
Its development provides a reference sequence for interpreting atrial septal abnormalities. Comparing normal formation of the septa, ostia, and foramen ovale with altered development can help frame congenital defects within cardiac embryology. This makes the topic useful in developmental biology and cardiovascular research, where structural changes must be related to the formation of the heart.