Tcr Gene Rearrangement
Tcr Gene Rearrangement - Related Videos
19:05
Measuring TCR-pMHC Binding In Situ using a FRET-based Microscopy Assay
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Cited by 9 •
2015
This manuscript describes how to conduct (single molecule) Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)- based assays to measure the binding dynamics between T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and antigenic peptide-loaded MHC molecules as they occur within the immunological synapse of a T-cell in contact with a functionalized planar supported lipid bilayer.
![[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 1,5-Dienes: Cope Rearrangement](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2Ffiles%2Fmedia%2Fscience-education%2Fscience-education-thumbs%2F12422.jpg%3Fv%3D2026-08-11%252008%253A27%253A10&w=750&q=75)
01:21
[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 1,5-Dienes: Cope Rearrangement
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2023
The Cope rearrangement is classified as a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-dienes, leading to a more stable, isomeric 1,5-diene. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six electrons, four from two π bonds and two from a σ bond, via an energetically favorable chair-like transition state. From a molecular orbital perspective, the rearrangement can be viewed as the interaction between the ground state frontier orbitals of the allyl anion and cation. Under thermal conditions, the two π...
![[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Allyl Vinyl Ethers: Claisen Rearrangement](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2Ffiles%2Fmedia%2Fscience-education%2Fscience-education-thumbs%2F13097.jpg%3Fv%3D2026-08-11%252008%253A27%253A10&w=750&q=75)
01:24
[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Allyl Vinyl Ethers: Claisen Rearrangement
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2023
The Claisen rearrangement is a [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of allyl vinyl ethers to unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The rearrangement is a concerted pericyclic reaction proceeding via a chair-like transition state. An aromatic Claisen rearrangement involves the conversion of allyl aryl ethers to an unstable ketone intermediate, which tautomerizes to give ortho-substituted phenols. However, ortho-substituted allyl aryl ethers exclusively yield para-substituted phenols via two sequential...
16:10
A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
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Cited by 13 •
2012
The compartmentalization of proteins either within the plasma membrane or into intracellular locations is one regulatory mechanism that can greatly influence signaling outcomes; hence, to understand signaling it is important to study the spatial and temporal behavior of the proteins involved. We describe here a TIRF microscopy based system to study signal transduction in T cells, but is broadly applicable.
01:57
Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement
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2023
Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement. The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion. In the second step, the oxonium ion loses H2O, forming a tertiary carbocation intermediate. In the...
FAQs
RAG1 and RAG2 act in developing thymic T cells to cut and rejoin selected V, D, and J segments. Their activity establishes the basic gene arrangement that will encode a TCR chain. Because different segment combinations can be assembled, developing cells can acquire distinct receptor sequences. This molecular step supplies the starting diversity on which later antigen-recognition repertoires depend.
Imprecise joining changes the sequence at the boundaries where V, D, and J segments are connected. Nucleotide additions introduce extra sequence differences at these junctions, making receptor sequences more varied than segment selection alone would produce. This added junctional diversity expands the range of TCR configurations available for antigen recognition and helps explain why rearrangement can generate a broad repertoire.
During thymic development, cells carrying newly rearranged TCR genes are subject to selection. This connects the DNA-level event to the biological outcome: a developing T-cell population with receptors suited to antigen recognition. Consequently, rearrangement is not an isolated genome event; it contributes to both T-cell maturation and the composition of the antigen-recognition repertoire.
Analyzing rearranged TCR sequences gives researchers information about receptor repertoires and the range of arrangements present in T-cell populations. These data can support studies of immune responses by linking receptor sequence patterns with the composition of responding cells. The approach therefore provides a molecular perspective on how diverse T-cell populations participate in adaptive immunity.
Analyzing rearranged TCR sequences can identify clonal T-cell populations within a broader immune-cell sample. This information helps researchers examine whether a repertoire contains distinctive cellular groups, rather than treating all T cells as equivalent. The result supports more focused investigation of immune responses and disease-associated changes in T-cell populations.
In leukemia and lymphoma research, rearranged TCR sequences provide a way to investigate T-cell populations associated with these disorders. Researchers can use sequence information to characterize receptor repertoires and identify clonal populations in disease-focused studies. This application extends the relevance of TCR biology beyond thymic development to the analysis of abnormal immune-cell populations.