Immune Cell Polarization
Immune Cell Polarization - Related Videos
15:39
Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation
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Cited by 8 •
2019
Herein we describe two approaches to characterize cell polarization events in B lymphocytes during the formation of an IS. The first, involves quantification of organelle recruitment and cytoskeleton rearrangements at the synaptic membrane. The second is a biochemical approach, to characterize changes in composition of the centrosome, which undergoes polarization to the immune synapse.
04:05
Differentiation and Polarization of Monocyte-Derived Cells into Macrophage-Like Cells
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2025
In this video, we demonstrate a procedure to induce the differentiation and polarization of peripheral blood-derived monocytes into M1 or M2 macrophages. Incubation with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, lipopolysaccharide, and interferon‐gamma yields pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, while incubation with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4 induces anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage production.
09:38
Analyzing the Function of Small GTPases by Microinjection of Plasmids into Polarized Epithelial Cells
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Cited by 5 •
2011
This article details the procedures involved in overexpression and analysis of small GTPases in polarized epithelial cells using microinjection technique.
07:26
Isolation of Functional Cardiac Immune Cells
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Cited by 9 •
2011
This method for isolating functional immune cells from the heart provides an alternative to the conventional methods of collagenase digestion, which causes unwanted immune cell activation, resulting in a decreased responsiveness of these cells. Our method of isolation yields functional cardiac immune cells by avoiding problems associated with enzymatic digestion.
01:01
Group Polarization
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2020
Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition. The phenomenon of group polarization explains many actions taken by groups that would not...
FAQs
Environmental signals act in combination rather than isolation. Cytokines, chemokines, direct cell-cell interactions, and tissue conditions activate transcriptional programs that alter immune cell function. These programs can promote inflammatory signaling, antigen presentation, tissue repair, or immune suppression. The resulting state therefore reflects the surrounding biological context and can change when that context changes.
A spectrum better represents the range and flexibility of immune cell states observed in biological settings. Cells may display combinations of functional features rather than conforming to a single M1 or M2 identity. This distinction matters in cancer research because tumor-associated immune cells can adopt context-dependent behaviors that influence disease progression and treatment response.
The balance of cytokines, chemokines, neighboring-cell interactions, and local tissue conditions can shift immune cell activity. Depending on that combination, cells may favor inflammatory signaling and antigen presentation, or instead support tissue repair and immune suppression. Examining these variables together helps explain why similar immune cell populations can behave differently in distinct tumor environments.
Researchers characterize polarization by relating the tumor environment to the functional behaviors of associated immune cells. They consider whether cells show inflammatory signaling, antigen presentation, tissue-repair activity, or immune suppression, and then connect those features with tumor growth, blood-vessel formation, metastasis, or therapy response. This approach emphasizes functional state rather than relying only on fixed categories.
The functional state of tumor-associated immune cells can affect several processes linked to cancer progression. Depending on their polarization, these cells may promote or constrain tumor growth, influence blood-vessel formation, affect metastatic behavior, and alter the surrounding immune environment. Studying these connections helps explain how immune cells can either support tumor development or contribute to anti-tumor activity.
Therapeutically reprogramming immune cell states may change how tumor-associated cells function within the tumor microenvironment. The goal is to modify activities that support tumor growth, metastasis, or immune suppression while improving conditions for effective anti-tumor responses. This strategy could complement immunotherapy and support more precise treatment approaches based on the immune context of a tumor.