Blood Chimerism
Blood Chimerism - Related Videos
21:01
Generating Chimeric Zebrafish Embryos by Transplantation
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Cited by 61 •
2009
A step-by-step guide to generating targeted chimeric zebrafish embryos by transplantation at the blastula or gastrula stage.
04:38
An Ex Vivo Technique to Manufacture Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells
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2025
This video demonstrates a technique to manufacture chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells ex vivo. Human T cells are incubated with magnetic beads coated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, along with a medium supplemented with interleukin-2 (IL-2), leading to T cell activation and proliferation. Transgenic lentiviral vectors are introduced, allowing the transgenic RNA to integrate into the host genome and express the transgene. This results in the transduced T cells expressing chimeric...
11:25
Busulfan as a Myelosuppressive Agent for Generating Stable High-level Bone Marrow Chimerism in Mice
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Cited by 33 •
2015
We describe a protocol whereby busulfan conditioning permits the bone marrow of a recipient mouse to be replaced with bone marrow cells from donor mice ubiquitously expressing green fluorescent protein, in the absence of irradiation. This technique is useful to study bone marrow cell accumulation in the central nervous system.
04:42
An Ex Vivo Technique to Generate Tumor-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells
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2025
This video demonstrates a technique for the ex vivo generation of tumor antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Retroviral vectors carrying transgenic RNA are mixed with spleen cells in a medium supplemented with interleukin-2 to promote T-cell survival and proliferation. The mixture is then transferred to a plate coated with recombinant human fibronectin fragments and centrifuged to facilitate the fusion of the virus with the cell, allowing the RNA to integrate into the host...
07:33
Enhancing Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Extracellular Vesicles (CAR-EV) Technology: The Future of Cancer Therapy
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2025
The therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment and drug delivery. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell-derived EVs (CAR-EVs) isolated using ion-exchange chromatography exhibit increased cargo capacity, significantly enhancing their functional efficacy. This study further characterizes CAR-EVs to elucidate their biological activity and therapeutic potential.
FAQs
Short tandem repeat markers provide genetic signatures that can distinguish the cell populations represented in a blood sample. By examining the marker pattern and estimating the relative contribution of each genetic source, a laboratory can report the proportion of donor-derived and recipient-derived blood cells. This converts coexistence into a measurable result for clinical follow-up.
A single result shows the distribution of donor- and recipient-derived cells at one time, whereas serial measurements show how that distribution changes. Stable donor contribution can support evidence that donor hematopoiesis has established; repeated testing can also identify mixed or declining engraftment. This time-based view makes post-transplant monitoring more informative.
Mixed engraftment means that both donor- and recipient-derived blood-cell populations remain detectable, rather than one population fully predominating. A declining pattern means the measured donor contribution decreases over time. These findings help clinicians recognize changes in transplant reconstitution and consider whether further assessment or treatment decisions are needed.
Testing begins with a blood sample, followed by analysis of genetic markers that distinguish donor- and recipient-derived cells. Short tandem repeats are often used for this comparison. The laboratory then determines the relative proportion of each cell source and can compare results from samples collected at different times. The workflow combines genetic identification with longitudinal measurement.
After hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, results help determine whether donor stem cells have established donor hematopoiesis in the recipient. Follow-up measurements can identify mixed engraftment, a declining donor contribution, or findings that support evaluation of relapse or graft failure. Clinicians use this information alongside ongoing clinical assessment to guide monitoring and inform treatment decisions.
Cell populations with different genetic origins can also arise through pregnancy or other forms of cell exchange. In these settings, blood analysis can document whether genetically distinct populations are present and estimate their relative representation. The broader significance is that the same genetic-marker approach can study blood-cell coexistence, while transplant medicine applies it most directly to engraftment monitoring.