Post-transplant Vascular Disease
Post-transplant Vascular Disease - Related Videos
09:06
Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation in Mice for the Study of Vascular Disease
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Cited by 7 •
2012
We describe a technique in which a section of the abdominal aorta from a mouse is transplanted orthotopically to just below the renal arteries in an allogeneic or syngeneic recipient. This technique can be useful in studies in which transplantation of large arteries of uniform size is deemed advantageous.
07:05
Mouse Model of Alloimmune-induced Vascular Rejection and Transplant Arteriosclerosis
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Cited by 7 •
2015
We describe a protocol for aortic interposition grafting in mice. The goal of the protocol is to provide a model with which to study pathological processes and therapeutic strategies relevant to alloimmune reactions in arteries and the resultant arterial changes that contribute to organ transplant failure.
07:15
Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse
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Cited by 24 •
2016
This novel model for orthotopic hind limb transplantation in the mouse, applying a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis, provides a powerful tool for in vivo mechanistic immunological research related to vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA).
04:47
A Mouse Model of Vascularized Heterotopic Spleen Transplantation
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2025
The video demonstrates a surgical method for generating a mouse model of vascularized heterotopic spleen transplantation. The abdominal cavity of an anesthetized donor mouse is surgically opened to remove the spleen. The inferior vena cava and infrarenal aorta are identified, their lumbar branches are ligated, and openings are made for the heterotopic transplantation of a spleen from a congenic donor mouse. Upon completing vascular anastomosis and restoring blood flow to the implanted spleen,...
08:50
Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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Cited by 25 •
2014
The degree of vascular dysfunction and contributing physiological mechanisms can be assessed in patients with chronic kidney disease by measuring brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, aortic pulse-wave velocity, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression.
FAQs
Several interacting insults can shift the vascular endothelium, the cell layer lining blood vessels, toward inflammation and clotting. Surgical injury may initiate local damage; immune-mediated endothelial inflammation and infection can amplify dysfunction. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors add further stress, promoting thrombosis or narrowing. This layered process helps explain why vascular injury may progress after the initial transplant event.
The clinical consequences depend on which vessels are affected and which organ was transplanted. Vessel narrowing or thrombosis can reduce blood flow, producing hypertension, ischemia, or impaired graft function. In a cardiac transplant, progressive vascular involvement may present as cardiac allograft vasculopathy, linking the vascular process directly to long-term function of the transplanted heart.
Vascular changes may develop gradually through endothelial inflammation, thrombosis, narrowing, or progressive intimal thickening, the buildup of tissue within the vessel wall. Because these changes can precede obvious clinical deterioration, symptoms may not reliably signal early disease. This silent or low-symptom phase makes structured assessment important for identifying threats to blood flow and graft survival.
Evaluation combines surveillance imaging, laboratory assessment, and review of clinical status rather than relying on symptoms alone. Imaging can help assess vessel structure or blood-flow abnormalities, while laboratory assessment contributes additional information about the patient's condition. Findings are interpreted in the context of the transplanted organ, possible graft impairment, hypertension, ischemia, and other vascular risks.
The consequences range from abnormal blood pressure to reduced tissue perfusion and impaired graft function. Thrombosis can obstruct flow, whereas vessel narrowing and progressive intimal thickening can gradually limit circulation. In cardiac recipients, cardiac allograft vasculopathy represents an important organ-specific manifestation. Together, these complications can threaten long-term graft survival even when early symptoms are limited.
Clinical management emphasizes surveillance, laboratory and imaging assessment, and control of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Research is examining better methods for early detection, immunosuppression strategies, and approaches that improve long-term transplant outcomes. These efforts reflect the disease's multiple contributors, because protecting the graft may require attention to immune-mediated injury, infection, vascular complications, and conventional cardiovascular risk.