X-ray Imaging
X-ray Imaging - Related Videos
07:54
Preparing Adherent Cells for X-ray Fluorescence Imaging by Chemical Fixation
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Cited by 14 •
2015
Here, we present a protocol on how to determine the quantity and distribution of metals in a sample using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. We focus on adherent cells, and describe the chemical fixation method to prepare this sample. We then describe how to mount and image the sample using synchrotron X-rays.
10:39
Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Cited by 10 •
2016
The measurement protocol and data analysis procedure are given for obtaining transverse coherence of a synchrotron radiation X-ray source along four directions simultaneously using a single 2-D checkerboard phase grating. This simple technique can be applied for complete transverse coherence characterization of X-ray sources and X-ray optics.
01:24
X-ray Imaging
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2023
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
08:30
X-ray Dose Reduction through Adaptive Exposure in Fluoroscopic Imaging
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Cited by 2 •
2011
We are developing a dynamic adaptive exposure technique using our scanning beam digital X-ray system. Rather than exposing an object uniformly, the exposure is adapted depending on the opacity of the object. Here we show an experiment on an anthropomorphic phantom that resulted in a dose saving of 30%.
02:18
X-ray Crystallography
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2020
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography. Diffraction Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
FAQs
Image contrast depends on how much radiation reaches the detector after traveling through different tissues. Bone removes more X-rays from the beam than soft tissue, so the detector records different intensities across the image. This contrast allows clinicians to distinguish structural boundaries and identify abnormalities such as fractures or changes associated with lung disease.
Because conventional radiography records a two-dimensional projection, structures along the X-ray path are represented together in one image. This makes radiography useful for rapid structural assessment, but it differs from computed tomography, where multiple measurements are combined into cross-sectional views. The distinction matters when clinicians must interpret an overall projection rather than sectional anatomy.
Computed tomography extends X-ray measurement by combining multiple readings to generate cross-sectional views. These sections provide a different representation of internal structures than a conventional two-dimensional radiograph. Consequently, CT can support assessment when sectional information is important, while standard radiography remains valuable because it is comparatively rapid, accessible, and diagnostically useful.
X-rays are ionizing radiation, so exposure must be considered whenever an examination is performed. Appropriate safety precautions help balance the diagnostic value of the resulting images with the need to limit unnecessary exposure. This principle applies across medical uses, including conventional radiography and CT, which both rely on X-ray measurements.
The X-ray beam is directed through the relevant body region, and a detector records the radiation that reaches it after passing through tissue. The recorded intensity pattern forms the radiographic image, which can then be assessed for structural findings. The relationship among the source, tissues, and detector determines how clearly density differences appear.
Medical applications include evaluating fractures, lung disease, dental conditions, and other structural abnormalities. These uses make radiography an important tool for clinical assessment, particularly when a fast and accessible image can help examine internal structure. When clinicians need cross-sectional information instead of a single projection, computed tomography provides an alternative X-ray-based approach.