Bold Imaging
Bold Imaging - Related Videos
08:43
Boldness, Aggression, and Shoaling Assays for Zebrafish Behavioral Syndromes
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Cited by 18 •
2016
This manuscript describes the setup, implementation, and analysis of boldness, aggression, and shoaling in zebrafish and testing for the presence of a behavioral syndrome. A standardized approach for behavioral quantification will allow for easier comparison across studies. Modifications to this protocol are possible as each assay can be run individually.
09:15
fMRI: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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2023
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique used to investigate human brain function and cognition in both healthy individuals and populations with abnormal brain states. Functional MRI utilizes a magnetic resonance signal to detect changes in blood flow that are coupled to neuronal activation when a specific task is performed. This is possible because hemoglobin within the blood has different magnetic properties depending on whether or not it is bound...
13:05
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) with Auditory Stimulation in Songbirds
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Cited by 12 •
2013
This article shows an optimized procedure for imaging of the neural substrates of auditory stimulation in the songbird brain using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). It describes the preparation of the sound stimuli, the positioning of the subject and the acquisition and subsequent analysis of the fMRI data.
10:50
Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI
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Cited by 6 •
2014
Functional studies of the auditory system in mammals have traditionally been conducted using spatially-focused techniques such as electrophysiological recordings. The following protocol describes a method of visualizing large-scale patterns of evoked hemodynamic activity in the cat auditory cortex using functional magnetic resonance imaging.
13:45
Hybrid µCT-FMT imaging and image analysis
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Cited by 34 •
2015
We describe a protocol for hybrid imaging, combining fluorescence-mediated tomography (FMT) with micro computed tomography (µCT). After fusion and reconstruction, we perform interactive organ segmentation to extract quantitative measurements of the fluorescence distribution.
FAQs
Neural activation changes local blood flow and oxygen delivery, which alters the concentration of paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin in tissue. Because deoxyhemoglobin affects the MRI T2* signal, these concentration changes appear as measurable signal variations. This relationship allows researchers to associate regional MRI changes with differences in underlying neural activity.
BOLD imaging does not measure neuronal firing directly. Instead, it detects MRI signal changes produced by shifts in blood oxygenation that follow neural activity. This distinction matters when interpreting results, because the measured pattern reflects the relationship between neural activation, local blood flow, oxygen delivery, deoxyhemoglobin, and the resulting T2* signal.
T2* signal variations provide the measurable MRI feature used to identify changes associated with tissue oxygenation. Altered deoxyhemoglobin concentrations influence this signal, creating regional differences that can be mapped across the brain. Consequently, T2* changes connect physiological oxygenation effects with spatial analyses of neural function in neuroscience research.
Because the method can track activity across the whole brain, researchers can examine coordinated patterns among regions rather than focusing only on one location. These patterns support functional connectivity analysis, which investigates relationships between brain areas. Such analyses help characterize network organization during sensory processing, cognition, and other forms of brain function.
BOLD imaging supports studies of sensory processing, cognition, and broader neural function. Researchers can map activity-related changes across the brain and examine how those patterns relate to behavior. Its whole-brain coverage also makes it useful for developing models that connect neural function with behavioral outcomes.
Disease-related studies can use BOLD imaging to investigate changes in brain activity patterns and functional organization. Researchers may compare whole-brain signal relationships or activity maps when examining altered neural function. These findings contribute to clinical research by linking disease-related brain changes with functional networks and, where studied, behavior.