Seesaw Problem

The seesaw problem is a physics model used to analyze rotational equilibrium when forces act on a beam supported by a pivot, or fulcrum. Its solution depends on torque, the turning effect of a force, calculated as force multiplied by the perpendicular distance from the pivot; the seesaw balances when clockwise and counterclockwise torques are equal. By relating mass, position, gravitational force, and lever-arm length, this problem shows how mechanical advantage allows a smaller force to balance a larger one at a greater distance. Seesaw problems build essential skills in statics, free-body diagrams, equilibrium analysis, and the design of simple machines.

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Education

JoVE Core - Chemistry

Predicting Molecular Geometry

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2020

VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries The following procedure uses VSEPR theory to determine the electron pair geometries and the molecular structures: Write the Lewis structure of the molecule or polyatomic ion. Count the number of electron groups (lone pairs and bonds) around the central atom. A single, double, or triple bond counts as one region of electron density. Identify the electron-pair geometry based on the number of electron groups: linear, trigonal planar,...

VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs

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2020

Effect of Lone Pairs of Electrons on Molecule Geometry It is important to note that electron-pair geometry around a central atom is not the same thing as its molecular structure. Molecular structure describes the location of the atoms, not the electrons. The geometry that includes all electron pairs is the electron-pair geometry. The electron-pair geometries describe all regions where electrons are located, bonds as well as lone pairs. The structure that includes only the placement of the...

Research

JoVE Journal - Biology

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo

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Cited by 11 •

2011

This article describes surface labeling and ex ovo tissue culture in the early chick embryo. Techniques amenable to time-lapse bright field, fluorescence, and optical coherence tomography imaging are presented. Tracking surface labels with high spatiotemporal resolution enables kinematic quantities such as morphogenetic strains (deformations) to be calculated in both two and three dimensions.

Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

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Cited by 12 •

2019

We describe a method for generating and amplifying genetically modified respiratory syncytial viruses (RSVs) and an optimized plaque assay for RSVs. We illustrate this protocol by creating two recombinant viruses that respectively allow quantification of RSV replication and live analysis of RSV inclusion bodies and inclusion bodies-associated granules dynamics.

Preparation of Segmented Microtubules to Study Motions Driven by the Disassembling Microtubule Ends

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Cited by 24 •

2014

Microtubules are inherently unstable polymers, and their switching between growth and shortening is stochastic and difficult to control. Here we describe protocols using segmented microtubules with photoablatable stabilizing caps. Depolymerization of segmented microtubules can be triggered with high temporal and spatial resolution, thereby assisting analysis of motions with the disassembling microtubule ends.

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