Name: shoulder girdle muscles and scapula motion
Uploaded: 2024-03-28T14:28:28.000Z
Duration: 1 min 23 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.20

Muscles of the Shoulder

Omuz kasları, omuz eklemine stabilite ve hareketlilik sağlar.
Ön omuz kasları subklavye, pektoralis minör ve serratus anterior'u içerir.
İlk kaburgadan köprücük kemiğine uzanan küçük bir kas olan subklavye, omuz hareketleri sırasında köprücük kemiğini stabilize eder.
Pektoralis majörünün altındaki düz bir kas olan pektoralis minör, kürek kemiğini öne doğru eğer ve aşağı doğru çeker. Aynı zamanda göğüs kafesini yükselterek solunuma yardımcı olur.
Göğüs kafesinin yan tarafında yelpaze şeklinde bir kas olan serratus anterior, kürek kemiğini uzatarak yumruk hareketlerine yardımcı olur.
Arka omuz kasları arasında trapezius, levator skapula ve eşkenar dörtgen majör ve minör bulunur.
Büyük bir üçgen kas olan trapezius, klavikula ve kürek kemiğine girerek sırtı ve boynu kaplar. Kürek kemiğini kaldırır, geri çeker ve döndürür, köprücük kemiğini yükseltir ve boynu uzatır.
Arka boynunda bulunan uzun bir kas olan levator kürek kemiği, kürek kemiğinin yükselmesine ve addüksiyonuna katkıda bulunur.
Majör ve minör eşkenar dörtgen kaslar, kürek kemiğini geri çekmeye ve medial olarak döndürmeye yardımcı olur.

omuz kasları

Klavikula ve kürek kemiği de dahil olmak üzere omuz kuşağını çevreleyen kaslar öncelikle kürek kemiğini stabilize eder. Bu stabil taban, diğer kasların humerusu etkili bir şekilde hareket ettirmesine olanak tanır. Skapular hareketler sıklıkla humerusun hareketlerini yansıtır ve hareket aralığını genişletir. Örneğin, skapulanın eş zamanlı olarak yukarıya doğru dönmesi olmadan kolun başın üzerine kaldırılması mümkün olmayacaktır.

Ön Göğüs Kasları

Ön torasik kaslar arasında serratus anterior, subklavius ve pektoralis minör bulunur. Genellikle boksör kası olarak bilinen serratus anterior, birinciden sekizinci veya dokuzuncu kaburgalara kadar başlar. Skapulanın üst ve alt açısı ile medial sınırı boyunca yapışır. Bu kas, kürek kemiğinin yukarı doğru kaçırılması ve döndürülmesi için çok önemlidir. Kürek kemiği sabitlendiğinde kaburgaların yükselmesine yardımcı olarak delme hareketlerine yardımcı olur.

Pektoralis majör pektoral kuşağı toraksa birleştirir. İkinci veya üçüncü ila dördüncü veya beşinci kaburgaların üst kenarlarının ön yüzeyinden kaynaklanır ve skapulanın korakoid sürecine eklenir. Skapula'yı öne doğru eğer ve aşağı doğru çeker. Ayrıca göğüs kafesini yükselterek solunuma yardımcı olur.

Subklavius kası birinci kaburgadan kaynaklanır ve lateral klavikulanın alt yüzeyine yapışır. Başlıca işlevi omuz ve kol hareketleri sırasında köprücük kemiğini stabilize etmektir. Ayrıca klavikulaya baskı yapar ve onu öne doğru hareket ettirir.

Arka Göğüs Kasları

Posterior torasik kaslar trapezius, levator skapula ve rhomboid minör ve majör kasları içerir. En geniş ve en belirgin kaslardan biri olan trapezius kasının kökleri servikal ve torasik bölgelerin kemik yapısındadır. Kas, oksipital kemiğin dış çıkıntısından, ligamantum nuchae'den ve yedinci servikal ve tüm torasik omurların spinöz sürecinden kaynaklanır. Akromiyona ve kürek kemiğinin omurgasına ek olarak, yan üçte birlik kısmı boyunca klavikulaya yapışır. Her biri benzersiz eylemler gerçekleştiren üst, orta ve alt lifler olmak üzere üç bölüme ayrılmıştır. Üstteki lifler skapulayı yükseltir ve boynu uzatır, ortadaki lifler skapulaya adduksiyon yapar ve alt lifler skapulaya baskı yapar.

Levator skapula, servikal omurların C1-C4 enine çıkıntısından kaynaklanır ve medial sınırının üst kısmında skapulaya yapışır. Kürek kemiğini yükseltir ve aşağı doğru dönmesine neden olur. Aynı zamanda boynu yana doğru esnetir.

Ense bağından ve C7 ve T1'in spinöz süreçlerinden kaynaklanan eşkenar dörtgen minör, omurganın üstünde skapulanın vertebral kenarına yapışır. Öte yandan, eşkenar dörtgen majör, T2'nin spinöz süreçlerinden omurganın aşağısında skapulanın vertebral sınırına kadar kaynaklanır. Bu kaslar kürek kemiğinin geri çekilmesine ve mediale döndürülmesine yardımcı olur.

Omuz Kasları

Omuz kasları, omuz eklemine stabilite ve hareketlilik sağlar.
Ön omuz kasları subklavye, pektoralis minör ve ...

Education

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomi ve Fizyoloji

Unit 1

Ünite 1

The Muscular System

Kas Sistemi

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TEMEL TERİMLER VE KAVRAMLAR

shoulder girdle muscles and scapula motion

Shoulder girdle muscles stabilize the clavicle and scapula, and that support helps the humerus move efficiently. Scapular movement also works with humerus movement and extends the arm’s range of motion. Raising the arm overhead depends on upward rotation of the scapula.

The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and pectoralis minor. The serratus anterior, often called the boxer’s muscle, starts on the first to eighth or ninth ribs and inserts along the superior and inferior angle of the scapula and its medial border. It abducts the scapula and rotates it upward. When the scapula is fixed, it can also help elevate the ribs during punching. The pectoralis major connects the pectoral girdle to the thorax. It begins on the front surface of the upper margins of the second or third to fourth or fifth ribs and inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula. This muscle tilts the scapula forward, pulls it downward, and helps elevate the thorax during breathing.

The subclavius muscle starts on the first rib and ends on the lower surface of the lateral clavicle. Its main job is to stabilize the clavicle during shoulder and arm movement. It also depresses the clavicle and moves it forward.

The posterior thoracic muscles include the trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, and rhomboid major. The trapezius is a broad, distinct muscle that begins on the external protuberance of the occipital bone, the ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra and all thoracic vertebrae. It inserts on the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion, and the spine of the scapula. Its upper fibers elevate the scapula and extend the neck, its middle fibers adduct the scapula, and its lower fibers depress the scapula.

The levator scapulae originates from the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae C1 to C4 and inserts on the upper part of the medial border of the scapula. It elevates the scapula, turns it downward, and helps bend the neck to the side. The rhomboid minor starts from the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1, while the rhomboid major starts from the spinous processes of T2. Both insert on the vertebral border of the scapula, with the minor above the spine and the major below it. These muscles retract the scapula and rotate it medially.

Shoulder Girdle Muscles and Scapula Motion

shoulder-girdle-muscles-and-scapula-motion

the muscular system

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movement

The muscular system helps the body move, stay stable, and carry out internal work. It includes three kinds of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. Each type has a different role in the body. Skeletal muscles are under conscious control, so people can move them on purpose. They attach to bones by tendons, and their contraction and relaxation make actions like walking and lifting possible. These muscles also produce heat during physical activity, which helps maintain body...

fascicle arrangement in skeletal muscles

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Skeletal muscle fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers, and their layout helps determine how a muscle moves. The way these fascicles are arranged affects both power and range of motion. Different arrangements give muscles different mechanical strengths. Parallel muscles have fascicles that run parallel to the long axis of the muscle. Common examples are the biceps brachii and the rectus abdominis. When these muscles contract, they shorten and become wider. They can shorten by about 30% of...

muscle coordination and action

Muscles That Work Together in Movement

Muscles work together to create smooth, purposeful movement. Actions such as flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation depend on this coordination. The body uses several muscles in a controlled way so joints and bones move as needed. Four functional roles help describe how muscles act during movement: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator. An agonist, also called the prime mover, is the main muscle that produces a specific motion. During a bicep curl, the biceps brachii is...

naming skeletal muscles

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axial and appendicular muscles

Muscles for Movement and Body Support

Skeletal muscles support movement and body structure. They are grouped into axial muscles and appendicular muscles based on where they are found and what they do. Axial muscles lie along the body’s midline. They connect with the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum. These muscles help with facial expressions, head and neck movement, speaking, and eating. They also help control movement of the vertebral column with the back muscles. The trunk also contains...

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Facial muscles shape human expression by moving the skin of the face and scalp. These craniofacial muscles are thin skeletal muscles that lie just beneath the skin. They help create the nonverbal signals people use to show emotion and intention. There are about 20 of these muscles. Most begin on bones or fibrous parts of the skull and then extend outward to attach to the skin. They are called muscles of facial expression, or mimetic muscles, because they reflect feelings through movement. <br...

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muscles of the anterior neck

Anterior Neck Muscles by Region

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Neck muscles guide head motion by working together to bend, turn, and lift the head. They help with rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending. The sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, plus the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are major head flexors. The SCM runs from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. When both SCM muscles contract, they bend the head forward. When only one side contracts, it bends the head toward that side or turns the head to the opposite...

muscles of the vertebral column

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muscles of the thorax

How Thorax Muscles Drive Breathing

Thorax muscles help breathing and support movement in the upper body. They also help keep the chest stable. Together, these muscles make the rib cage move while the lungs fill and empty. The diaphragm is the main breathing muscle in the thorax. It is a wide, dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It starts below the rib cage and lumbar vertebrae and attaches to the central tendon. When it contracts, it flattens and moves downward. This increases the...

muscles of the abdomen

Abdominal Wall Muscles and Support

The abdominal wall muscles support the abdominal cavity and help protect the internal organs. This flexible wall is bordered by the xiphoid process and costal margins at the top, the vertebral column at the back, and the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament at the bottom. It is divided into the anterolateral region and the posterior region. The anterolateral region includes five paired muscles in two groups. The lateral group contains the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus...

muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum

Pelvic Floor Muscles and Continence

The pelvic floor and perineal muscles support the pelvic organs and help control continence. They also play roles in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. These muscles are usually divided into a superficial perineal layer and a deeper pelvic floor layer. The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm. It is split into an anterior urogenital triangle and a posterior anal triangle. The urogenital triangle contains the external genitals and includes the superficial...

muscles of the shoulder

Shoulder girdle muscles stabilize the clavicle and scapula, and that support helps the humerus move efficiently. Scapular movement also works with humerus movement and extends the arm’s range of motion. Raising the arm overhead depends on upward rotation of the scapula. The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and pectoralis minor. The serratus anterior, often called the boxer’s muscle, starts on the first to eighth or ninth ribs and inserts along the superior...

muscles that move the arm

Arm Muscles and Their Movements

Arm muscles move the humerus through flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Nine muscles help produce these arm movements. Two of them, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, come from the axial skeleton. The other seven begin on the scapula and are called scapular muscles. The pectoralis major has two origins, or heads. Its clavicular head starts on the medial half of the clavicle. Its sternocostal head starts on the costal cartilages of ribs 1 through 6, the sternum, and...

muscles that move the forearm

Forearm Muscles for Elbow and Rotation

Forearm muscles help the arm bend, straighten, and rotate at the elbow and radioulnar joints. They are grouped as forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint. The pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints. The forearm flexors are the biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis. The biceps brachii has two heads. Its long head begins at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, and its short head...

muscles of the forearm that move the hand and fingers

muscles-of-the-forearm-that-move-the-hand-and-fingers

Forearm Flexors, Extensors, and Wrist Support

The forearm muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers are grouped into anterior and posterior compartments. These muscles work together to bend, straighten, and stabilize the hand and digits. They also connect to the bones of the wrist and hand in organized layers. The anterior compartment contains the flexor muscles. These muscles usually start at the humerus and attach to the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus,...

muscles that move the thigh

Hip Muscles That Move the Thigh

Hip muscles control thigh movement by connecting the pelvic girdle to the femur. The iliopsoas is one key muscle group. It is made of the psoas major and iliacus muscles. Both share a common insertion on the lesser trochanter of the femur. The gluteal muscles also play major roles. The gluteus maximus starts on the posterior ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and thoracolumbar fascia. It inserts on the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur. This muscle is the chief extensor of the femur.

muscles that move the leg

Thigh Muscles Behind Leg Motion

Thigh muscles help move the leg through flexion, extension, adduction, and rotation. They are grouped into the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh. Each group supports a different part of leg motion at the hip and knee. The anterior compartment includes the quadriceps femoris, the most visible thigh muscle group. It helps extend the leg and flex the thigh. The quadriceps is made of four muscles: vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris.

muscles of the leg that move the foot and toes

muscles-of-the-leg-that-move-the-foot-and-toes

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The leg muscles that move the foot and toes are organized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments. Each compartment has a distinct set of muscles with its own actions. Together, they control dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion, and toe movement. The anterior compartment includes the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and fibularis tertius. The tibialis anterior runs along the lateral surface of the tibia, is easy to feel, and...

key terms and concepts

Learn how shoulder girdle muscles stabilize the scapula, support arm motion, and help with breathing, punching, and shoulder rotation.

Shoulder Girdle Muscles and Scapula Motion | JoVE K12

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Shoulder Girdle Muscles and Scapula Motion

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