Whole Tissue Assay
Whole Tissue Assay - Related Videos
08:32
Extraction of Tissue Antigens for Functional Assays
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2012
A simple protocol for preparing extracts of human tissue to be used as a source of antigens in functional T-cell assays is described. This method allows T-cell responses to tissue-derived antigens to be measured in vitro.
11:31
A Chromatin Assay for Human Brain Tissue
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Cited by 16 •
2008
Until recently, expression studies on human brain were limited to quantification of RNA or protein. With the chromatin immunoprecipitation techniques described in this paper, it will be possible to map histone methylation and other epigenetic regulators of gene expression in postmortem brain.
11:00
Tissue Determination Using the Animal Cap Transplant (ACT) Assay in Xenopus laevis
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Cited by 8 •
2010
Animal caps overexpressing gene product(s) are transplanted to the flank of developing Xenopus laevis embryos in order to establish whether tissue is determined.
07:49
Novel Whole-tissue Quantitative Assay of Nitric Oxide Levels in Drosophila Neuroinflammatory Response
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Cited by 24 •
2013
Levels of the inflammatory cell-signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) are commonly assayed using Griess reagent. In this protocol, we have created a modified Griess assay utilizing live Drosophila brain tissue in order to detect the secretion of NO in a simple, quantifiable and highly repeatable method.
10:51
Mammosphere Formation Assay from Human Breast Cancer Tissues and Cell Lines
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Cited by 116 •
2015
Floating mammosphere assays can investigate the subset of stem-like breast cancer cells that survive in suspension conditions and show enhanced tumorigenesis when implanted into mice. This protocol provides a convenient in vitro measure of sphere-forming ability, a proxy for in vivo tumorigenesis, while facilitating analysis of the stem-associated transcriptional landscape.
FAQs
Maintaining the tissue’s cellular organization preserves local communication among neurons, glia, extracellular matrix, and associated signaling pathways. These relationships can influence how a stimulus or compound affects neural tissue, producing responses that may not appear in isolated cells. The approach therefore supports interpretation of biological effects within a more integrated and physiologically relevant experimental context.
These components form a connected local environment rather than functioning as independent elements. Neurons may respond alongside glia and signaling systems embedded within the extracellular matrix, so a measured response can reflect coordinated tissue-level effects. Including these interactions helps investigators examine mechanisms and outcomes that depend on cellular organization, rather than attributing every result to neurons alone.
An isolated-cell model emphasizes responses from separated cell populations, whereas an intact tissue preparation retains relationships among multiple cell types and their local surroundings. This distinction affects biological interpretation: the tissue assay can capture circuit-related, glial, matrix-associated, and signaling influences that isolated cells may miss. It is consequently useful when local context is central to the research question.
The workflow begins with a viable brain or nervous-tissue sample, which is maintained under controlled ex vivo conditions. Researchers then expose the preparation to a selected stimulus or compound and measure the resulting response using biochemical, imaging, or functional readouts. Keeping these stages controlled helps connect the applied exposure with changes observed in the preserved tissue.
A preparation can be evaluated through biochemical, imaging, or functional measurements, allowing researchers to examine different levels of response. Biochemical readouts can indicate molecular changes, imaging can reveal tissue-associated patterns, and functional measurements can address activity or performance-related effects. Selecting among these readouts depends on whether the study emphasizes signaling, structure, or neural function.
Researchers can apply it to investigate neural circuit function, neurotoxicity, disease-related changes, and responses to candidate therapeutics. Because the tissue retains interactions among neurons, glia, extracellular matrix, and signaling pathways, findings may provide context that simpler systems cannot. This makes the approach relevant for developing more physiologically relevant research models and supporting translational model development.