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JoVE Journal
Biochemistry
In Situ Nucleosome Assembly for Single-Molecule Correlative Force and Fluorescence Microscopy
In Situ Nucleosome Assembly for Single-Molecule Correlative Force and Fluorescence Microscopy
JoVE Journal
Biochemistry
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JoVE Journal Biochemistry
In Situ Nucleosome Assembly for Single-Molecule Correlative Force and Fluorescence Microscopy

In Situ Nucleosome Assembly for Single-Molecule Correlative Force and Fluorescence Microscopy

Full Text
1,735 Views
05:58 min
September 6, 2024

DOI: 10.3791/66579-v

Htet Ng*1, Masuda Begum*1, Gabriella N. L. Chua*1,2, Shixin Liu1

1Laboratory of Nanoscale Biophysics and Biochemistry,The Rockefeller University, 2Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology

Overview

This article presents a protocol for forming nucleosomes across DNA in situ for single-molecule correlative force and fluorescence microscopy. The method allows for nucleosome assembly on native DNA sequences with reduced reagent use and preparation time.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Chromatin Biology

Background

  • Single-molecule techniques are essential for studying chromatin systems.
  • Traditional methods for nucleosome assembly can produce artificially stable structures.
  • There is a need for more efficient protocols that minimize reagent use.
  • This study addresses the limitations of existing nucleosome preparation methods.

Purpose of Study

  • To develop a rapid protocol for nucleosome assembly on DNA.
  • To enable the visualization of chromatin-interacting proteins.
  • To analyze changes in the physical properties of nucleosomes.

Methods Used

  • Formation of nucleosomes across DNA in situ.
  • Single-molecule correlative force and fluorescence microscopy.
  • Adjustment of nucleosome density on native DNA sequences.
  • Reduction of preparation time and reagent use.

Main Results

  • The protocol allows for efficient nucleosome assembly without specific DNA sequences.
  • It provides flexibility in adjusting nucleosome density.
  • Significantly less reagent use compared to traditional methods.
  • Facilitates downstream experiments to visualize protein binding behavior.

Conclusions

  • This method enhances the study of chromatin systems using single-molecule techniques.
  • It offers a more efficient approach to nucleosome preparation.
  • The protocol can lead to better insights into chromatin dynamics.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are nucleosomes?
Nucleosomes are the basic units of DNA packaging in eukaryotic cells, consisting of a segment of DNA wound around a core of histone proteins.
Why is single-molecule microscopy important?
Single-molecule microscopy allows researchers to observe the behavior of individual molecules in real-time, providing insights into molecular interactions and dynamics.
How does this protocol differ from traditional methods?
This protocol enables nucleosome assembly on native DNA sequences with less reagent use and preparation time, avoiding the creation of artificially stable nucleosomes.
What applications can this protocol support?
The protocol can be used to visualize chromatin-interacting proteins and analyze nucleosome physical properties in various experimental setups.
Can this method be applied to different types of DNA?
Yes, the protocol is designed to work with native DNA sequences, making it versatile for various applications.
What are the benefits of using less reagents?
Using fewer reagents reduces costs, minimizes waste, and can lead to more environmentally friendly laboratory practices.

This article presents a detailed experimental procedure for reconstituting nucleosome-containing DNA tethers for single-molecule correlative force and fluorescence microscopy. It further describes several downstream experiments that can be conducted to visualize the binding behavior of chromatin-interacting proteins and analyze changes in the physical properties of nucleosomes.

Single-molecule techniques are powerful tools to study the mechanics, coordination, and composition of chromatin systems, and therefore, researchers are always looking for better methods to generate nucleosome substrates. Here, we describe a protocol to form nucleosomes across DNA in situ in a single-molecule correlative force and fluorescence microscope. Typically, nucleosome substrates are made by assembling nucleosomes on DNA containing strong positioning sequences via salt dialysis.

Although this has advantages, it generates artificially stable nucleosomes and is heavy-handed with reagents. Our protocol prepares nucleosome substrates for single-molecule correlated force and fluorescence microscopy without specific DNA sequences and with much less reagents, all within minutes. This protocol enables nucleosome assembly on native DNA sequences, easy adjustment of nucleosome density, as well as less preparation time and use of reagents.

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