Name: An Immature Murine Model of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (Video) | JoVE Journal
Uploaded: 2025-04-04T12:40:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 37 s
Description: Learn a reversible unilateral ureteral obstruction model in immature rats to study kidney injury recovery and renal repair mechanisms. This method enables researchers to investigate post-obstruction healing with minimal surgical complications.

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5 minutes

This work was supported by the Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine, Chongqing Medical University (W0056), Chongqing Science and Health Joint TCM Technology Innovation and Application Development Project (2020ZY023877).

This animal study adhered to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Children&#39;s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. A total of 27 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were commercially obtained and housed in the Laboratory Animal Center of the Children&#39;s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (SPF, license number: SYXK (Chongqing) 2007-0016). The rats were maintained under controlled temperature conditions with a 12-h light/dark cycle and had ad libitum access to food and water.
The protocol was conducted on male SD rats aged 6-8 weeks and is applicable to rats of all ages with bilateral ureters. In this study, fifteen 6-week-old male SD rats were randomly assigned to three groups: the native group (n = 5), the UUO group (n = 5), and the RUUO group (n = 5). Additionally, five 8-week-old SD rats (n = 5) were included as an additional control group. To establish the RUUO model, 12 rats were used, with 7 additional rats procured to account for potential risks such as intraoperative and postoperative mortality, surgical failures, incomplete obstruction, and unsuccessful reversal. This ensured a minimum of 5 rats per group for subsequent analyses.
All surgical procedures were conducted in strict accordance with institutional and national guidelines for laboratory animal care and use. Surgical staff adhered to personal protective equipment (PPE) protocols, including surgical masks, gloves, and gowns. Sterile surgical instruments were used for each procedure and were autoclaved before and after use to maintain sterility. Waste materials, including sharps and biological specimens, were disposed of in compliance with hazardous waste management protocols to mitigate contamination risks and ensure safety.
1. Animal and instrument preparation
<ol>
	<li>Conduct all procedures using sterile (autoclaved) instruments and consumables. Cut the sterilized silicone tube (inner diameter: 1.5 mm, outer diameter: 2.5 mm) into approximately 1 cm segments. Make a longitudinal incision along one side of the tube wall for subsequent use.</li>
	<li>Anesthetize the rats via intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital (40 mg/kg) (following institutionally approved protocols). Confirm adequate anesthesia by checking for the absence of reflex responses, such as the pedal withdrawal reflex, upon toe pinch. Apply veterinary ophthalmic ointment to the eyes to prevent corneal drying during anesthesia. Administer buprenorphine hydrochloride (0.05 mg/kg) subcutaneously (SC) as a pre-emptive analgesic 30 min prior to surgical incision.</li>
	<li>Depilate the rat&#39;s abdomen from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis and extend bilaterally to the midline.</li>
	<li>Position the rat in a supine position on a heated surgical pad and secure its limbs with rubber ropes.</li>
	<li>Perform abdominal skin antisepsis by initiating scrubs at the midline (umbilicus) and extending bilaterally using alternating sterile gauze applications of 70% ethanol (air-dried), 5% povidone-iodine (&#8805;1 min contact), and 70% ethanol (air-dried) for three full cycles, followed by a final povidone-iodine layer air-dried prior to incision within 15 min. Then, drape a sterile fenestrated sheet to maintain a sterile field. Make a midline skin incision along the abdomen, extending from the subxiphoid region to just below the umbilicus, to provide adequate exposure of the kidneys and upper ureters.</li>
	<li>Incise the subcutaneous tissues and fascia along the midline using surgical scissors. Dissect the skin and underlying tissues meticulously layer by layer, and fully expose the retroperitoneal space using tissue forceps.</li>
</ol>
2. Obstructive surgery for reversible unilateral ureteral obstruction
<ol>
	<li>Retract the bowel to the right side of the abdominal cavity using a sterile swab to facilitate direct visualization of the left ureter. Cover the ureter with saline-soaked gauze to prevent desiccation.</li>
	<li>Dissect and mobilize the left ureter using microscopic forceps, freeing approximately 1.5 cm from the surrounding tissues.</li>
	<li>Place a 1 cm long silicone tube (inner diameter: 1.5 mm, outer diameter: 2.5 mm) beneath the freed ureter. Use forceps to ensure complete encasement within the tube.</li>
	<li>Ligate the silicone tube and the middle portion of the ureter using 3-0 silk thread to induce ureteral obstruction. Avoid excessive ligation force. Gradually pull the silicone tube along the ureter&#39;s longitudinal axis to ensure secure but non-slipping ligation.</li>
	<li>Reposition the bowel within the peritoneal cavity carefully, ensuring proper alignment without tension or obstruction.</li>
	<li>Suture the abdominal muscle and fascial layers using a 3-0 non-absorbable suture with a curved cutting needle in a continuous fashion to provide adequate tensile strength. Close the skin with a running 4-0 non-absorbable suture, ensuring anatomical alignment and even tension to promote healing and minimize the risk of wound dehiscence.</li>
	<li>Allow the rats to recover under controlled conditions at a constant temperature for 7 days. 
	NOTE: Postoperative analgesia was maintained with repeated subcutaneous injections of buprenorphine (0.05 mg/kg) at 8-12 h intervals for 48-72 h post-surgery. Analgesic administration did not exceed 72 h.</li>
</ol>
3. Relief surgery of reversible unilateral ureteral obstruction
<ol>
	<li>Prepare the necessary animals and instruments, ensuring a sterile setup for abdominal reopening and full exposure of the abdominal cavity.</li>
	<li>Dissect the knot of the silicone tube carefully using a scalpel blade. Remove the tube and irrigate the abdominal cavity with normal saline to minimize adhesion and infection risk.</li>
	<li>Reposition the intestine and suture the abdominal wall incision in layers using 4-0 non-absorbable sutures.&#160;Place the rat in a controlled-temperature environment for a 7-day postoperative recovery period.</li>
	<li>On postoperative day 14, anesthetize the rats (following the procedure mentioned in step 1.2) and collect kidney samples by transversely sectioning the kidneys into two halves9.</li>
	<li>Store one half in 4% paraformaldehyde for histopathological examination, and rapidly freeze the other half in liquid nitrogen for storage at &#8722;80 &#176;C for subsequent molecular analysis. Collect blood samples for biochemical analyses.</li>
	<li>Confirm euthanasia by bilateral thoracotomy using surgical scissors following terminal anesthesia, with direct visualization of cardiac arrest.</li>
</ol>
4. Follow-up assessments
<ol>
	<li>Track body weight post-RUUO to assess overall recovery. Compare weight changes with the control and UUO groups.</li>
	<li>Measure kidney weight and kidney volume to evaluate renal recovery.</li>
	<li>Monitor serum creatinine (Scr) levels as an indicator of renal function improvement9.</li>
	<li>Inject methylene blue into the renal pelvis to confirm ureteral patency. Observe ureteral peristalsis and coloration to assess post-obstruction recovery.</li>
	<li>Perform H&#38;E staining to assess tubular integrity and renal structure after RUUO8,10.</li>
	<li>Conduct Masson&#39;s trichrome staining to evaluate renal interstitial fibrosis regression8,10.</li>
	<li>Compare renal damage scores3,8between the UUO and RUUO groups to quantify tissue recovery.</li>
</ol>

<ol><li>Chaves, L. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Contrasting+effects+of+systemic+monocyte%2Fmacrophage+and+CD4%2B+t+cell+depletion+in+a+reversible+ureteral+obstruction+mouse+model+of+chronic+kidney+disease%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Clin+Dev+Immunol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Contrasting effects of systemic monocyte/macrophage and CD4+ t cell depletion in a reversible ureteral obstruction mouse model of chronic kidney disease.</a> Clin Dev Immunol. 2013, 836989(2013).</li>
<li>Chevalier, R. L., Forbes, M. S., Thornhill, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Ureteral+obstruction+as+a+model+of+renal+interstitial+fibrosis+and+obstructive+nephropathy%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Kidney+Int%22%5BJournal%5D)">Ureteral obstruction as a model of renal interstitial fibrosis and obstructive nephropathy.</a> Kidney Int. 75 (11), 1145-1152 (2009).</li>
<li>Aranda-Rivera, A. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Sulforaphane+protects+from+kidney+damage+during+the+release+of+unilateral+ureteral+obstruction+%28RUUO%29+by+activating+nuclear+factor+erythroid+2-related+factor+2+%28nrf2%29%3A+Role+of+antioxidant%2C+anti-inflammatory%2C+and+antiapoptotic+mechanisms%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Free+Radic+Biol+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Sulforaphane protects from kidney damage during the release of unilateral ureteral obstruction (RUUO) by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2): Role of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms.</a> Free Radic Biol Med. 212, 49-64 (2024).</li>
<li>Narváez Barros, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Reversal+unilateral+ureteral+obstruction%3A+A+mice+experimental+model%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nephron%22%5BJournal%5D)">Reversal unilateral ureteral obstruction: A mice experimental model.</a> Nephron. 142 (2), 125-134 (2019).</li>
<li>Cochrane, A. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Renal+structural+and+functional+repair+in+a+mouse+model+of+reversal+of+ureteral+obstruction%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Am+Soc+Nephrol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Renal structural and functional repair in a mouse model of reversal of ureteral obstruction.</a> J Am Soc Nephrol. 16 (12), 3623-3630 (2005).</li>
<li>Kaeidi, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+therapeutic+approaches+of+renal+recovery+after+relief+of+the+unilateral+ureteral+obstruction%3A+A+comprehensive+review%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Iran+J+Basic+Med+Sci%22%5BJournal%5D)">The therapeutic approaches of renal recovery after relief of the unilateral ureteral obstruction: A comprehensive review.</a> Iran J Basic Med Sci. 23 (11), 1367-1373 (2020).</li>
<li>Liu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+porcine+model+of+relief+of+unilateral+ureteral+obstruction%3A+Study+on+self-repairing+capability+over+multiple+time+points%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Mol+Cell+Biochem%22%5BJournal%5D)">A porcine model of relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction: Study on self-repairing capability over multiple time points.</a> Mol Cell Biochem. 419 (1-2), 115-123 (2016).</li>
<li>Puri, T. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Chronic+kidney+disease+induced+in+mice+by+reversible+unilateral+ureteral+obstruction+is+dependent+on+genetic+background%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Am+J+Physiol+Renal+Physiol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Chronic kidney disease induced in mice by reversible unilateral ureteral obstruction is dependent on genetic background.</a> Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 298 (4), F1024-F1032 (2010).</li>
<li>Chevalier, R. L., Kim, A., Thornhill, B. A., Wolstenholme, J. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Recovery+following+relief+of+unilateral+ureteral+obstruction+in+the+neonatal+rat%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Kidney+Int%22%5BJournal%5D)">Recovery following relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction in the neonatal rat.</a> Kidney Int. 55 (3), 793-807 (1999).</li>
<li>Hesketh, E. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+murine+model+of+irreversible+and+reversible+unilateral+ureteric+obstruction%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Vis+Exp%22%5BJournal%5D)">A murine model of irreversible and reversible unilateral ureteric obstruction.</a> J Vis Exp. (94), e52559(2014).</li>
<li>Klahr, S., Morrissey, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Obstructive+nephropathy+and+renal+fibrosis%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Am+J+Physiol+Renal+Physiol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Obstructive nephropathy and renal fibrosis.</a> Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 283 (5), F861-F875 (2002).</li>
<li>Jin, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Loss+of+men1+leads+to+renal+fibrosis+and+decreases+HGF-ADAMTS5+pathway+activity+via+an+epigenetic+mechanism%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Clin+Transl+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Loss of men1 leads to renal fibrosis and decreases HGF-ADAMTS5 pathway activity via an epigenetic mechanism.</a> Clin Transl Med. 12 (8), e982(2022).</li>
<li>Fischer, N. G., He, J., Aparicio, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Surface+immobilization+chemistry+of+a+laminin-derived+peptide+affects+keratinocyte+activity%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Coatings+%28Basel%29%22%5BJournal%5D)">Surface immobilization chemistry of a laminin-derived peptide affects keratinocyte activity.</a> Coatings (Basel). 10 (6), 560(2020).</li>
<li>Song, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Losartan+accelerates+the+repair+process+of+renal+fibrosis+in+UUO+mouse+after+the+surgical+recanalization+by+upregulating+the+expression+of+tregs%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Int+Urol+Nephrol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Losartan accelerates the repair process of renal fibrosis in UUO mouse after the surgical recanalization by upregulating the expression of tregs.</a> Int Urol Nephrol. 51 (11), 2073-2081 (2019).</li>
<li>Song, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Regulatory+t+cells+accelerate+the+repair+process+of+renal+fibrosis+by+regulating+mononuclear+macrophages%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Am+J+Med+Sci%22%5BJournal%5D)">Regulatory t cells accelerate the repair process of renal fibrosis by regulating mononuclear macrophages.</a> Am J Med Sci. 361 (6), 776-785 (2021).</li>
<li>Yao, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Interferon-%CE%B3+improves+renal+interstitial+fibrosis+and+decreases+intrarenal+vascular+resistance+of+hydronephrosis+in+an+animal+model%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Urology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Interferon-γ improves renal interstitial fibrosis and decreases intrarenal vascular resistance of hydronephrosis in an animal model.</a> Urology. 77 (3), e768-e761.e713 (2011).</li>
<li>Chevalier, R. L., Thornhill, B. A., Chang, A. Y., Cachat, F., Lackey, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Recovery+from+release+of+ureteral+obstruction+in+the+rat%3A+Relationship+to+nephrogenesis%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Kidney+Int%22%5BJournal%5D)">Recovery from release of ureteral obstruction in the rat: Relationship to nephrogenesis.</a> Kidney Int. 61 (6), 2033-2043 (2002).</li>
<li>Lucarelli, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Delayed+relief+of+ureteral+obstruction+is+implicated+in+the+long-term+development+of+renal+damage+and+arterial+hypertension+in+patients+with+unilateral+ureteral+injury%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Urol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Delayed relief of ureteral obstruction is implicated in the long-term development of renal damage and arterial hypertension in patients with unilateral ureteral injury.</a> J Urol. 189 (3), 960-965 (2013).</li>
<li>Ito, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Renal+damage+progresses+despite+improvement+of+renal+function+after+relief+of+unilateral+ureteral+obstruction+in+adult+rats%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Am+J+Physiol+Renal+Physiol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Renal damage progresses despite improvement of renal function after relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction in adult rats.</a> Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 287 (6), F1283-F1293 (2004).</li>
<li>Song, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+modified+relief+of+unilateral+ureteral+obstruction+model%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Ren+Fail%22%5BJournal%5D)">A modified relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction model.</a> Ren Fail. 41 (1), 497-506 (2019).</li>
<li>Morrissey, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((morphogenetic+protein-7+improves+renal+fibrosis+and+accelerates+the+return+of+renal+function%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Am+Soc+Nephrol%22%5BJournal%5D)">morphogenetic protein-7 improves renal fibrosis and accelerates the return of renal function.</a> J Am Soc Nephrol. 13 (suppl_1), S14-S21 (2002).</li>
<li>Ulm, A. H., Miller, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((An+operation+to+produce+experimental+reversible+hydronephrosis+in+dogs%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Urol%22%5BJournal%5D)">An operation to produce experimental reversible hydronephrosis in dogs.</a> J Urol. 88, 337-341 (1962).</li>
<li>Park, H. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Postobstructive+regeneration+of+kidney+is+derailed+when+surge+in+renal+stem+cells+during+course+of+unilateral+ureteral+obstruction+is+halted%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Am+J+Physiol+Renal+Physiol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Postobstructive regeneration of kidney is derailed when surge in renal stem cells during course of unilateral ureteral obstruction is halted.</a> Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 298 (2), F357-F364 (2010).</li>
<li>Forni, L. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Renal+recovery+after+acute+kidney+injury%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Intensive+Care+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Renal recovery after acute kidney injury.</a> Intensive Care Med. 43 (6), 855-866 (2017).</li>
<li>Varela, S., Omling, E., Borjesson, A., Salo, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Resolution+of+hydronephrosis+after+pyeloplasty+in+children%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Pediatr+Urol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Resolution of hydronephrosis after pyeloplasty in children.</a> J Pediatr Urol. 17 (1), e101-e102.e7 (2021).</li>
</ol>

This model employs a silicone tube to encircle the ureter, providing structural support, followed by ligation with a silk thread to induce complete ureteral obstruction through compression. After seven days, the ligation and silicone tube are removed to facilitate kidney decompression and the restoration of urinary tract integrity and functionality.
Silicone tubing, manufactured from silicone elastomers, offers excellent flexibility, biocompatibility, chemical resistance, and thermal stability...

Urethral obstruction significantly contributes to renal interstitial fibrosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD), potentially leading to irreversible structural damage and functional impairments in the kidney1. While unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is widely used to study kidney injury and CKD, it does not accurately replicate the spontaneous recovery mechanisms that occur after the removal of an obstruction. The UUO model involves ligating the left ureter with sutures, resulting in permanent obstruction, ureteral dilation, hydronephrosis, compression of the renal parenchyma, and cortical thinning. Histological examination typically reveals tubular dilation, tubular epithelial cell necrosis, and progressive interstitial inflammation and fibrosis2. This model primarily investigates renal interstitial fibrosis and irreversible kidney function loss due to persistent obstruction.
However, many renal diseases encountered in clinical practice, such as obstruction caused by ureteral calculi or tumors, are reversible. The reversible unilateral ureteral obstruction (RUUO) model allows for the partial restoration of kidney structure and urinary tract function, ultimately resolving hydronephrosis. Recovery can be assessed through imaging techniques, histological examination, and biomarker analysis to quantify the reduction in kidney injury and fibrosis3. This model closely mimics the recovery phase of obstructive nephropathy in clinical settings and is more suitable than UUO for studying key processes such as inflammation, immune responses, cell regeneration, and tissue remodeling4,5,6,7,8.
The RUUO model enables researchers to analyze renal repair and regeneration following injury relief, addressing the limitations of UUO in dynamic studies. By comparing different time points before and after obstruction, researchers can investigate molecular pathways involved in injury and repair, including inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and regeneration. This approach enhances understanding of renal recovery mechanisms and identifies potential therapeutic targets2,3,4,5,8,9,10. While renal fibrosis is often considered irreversible, clinical observations suggest that early relief of obstruction during initial fibrosis stages may halt or even reverse disease progression. The RUUO model provides a valuable experimental platform for investigating this phenomenon11.
Moreover, the RUUO model facilitates the study of fibrosis reversal following obstruction relief, offering insights into recovery mechanisms and potential antifibrotic therapies3,4. Consequently, this model is highly practical for translational research. The primary objective of this experimental model is to induce obstructive nephropathy through ureteral cannulation, followed by standardized relief at a predefined time point to ensure consistency. It is optimized for simplicity, reproducibility, and safety, making it an effective tool for experimental research.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Forceps</td><td>Shanghai Medical Devices Co.,Ltd</td><td>20220032</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gauze</td><td>Sichuan Kelun Co., Ltd</td><td>20172140152</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain Kit</td><td>Solarbio</td><td>G1120</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Insulin needles</td><td>KDL Medical Devices</td><td>20193140938</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Masson&amp;rsquo;s Trichrome Stain Kit</td><td>Solarbio</td><td>G1340</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Medical Cotton balls</td><td>Sichuan Kelun Co., Ltd</td><td>20170037</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Medical Cotton sticks</td><td>Sichuan Kelun Co., Ltd</td><td>20172140026</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Methylene blue</td><td>Tianjin Dengfeng Chemical Reagent Factory</td><td>14038-43-8</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microscopic forceps</td><td>Suqian Shifeng Medical Devices Co., Ltd</td><td>S50985</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Needle holders</td><td>Suqian Shifeng Medical Devices Co., Ltd</td><td>S7005</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Povidone-iodine Solution</td><td>Sichuan Kelun Co., Ltd</td><td>514001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Saline</td><td>Sichuan Kelun Co., Ltd</td><td>20220004</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SD Rats</td><td>SPF(Beijing)Biotechnology Co.,Ltd</td><td>D025</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silicone tubing</td><td>Taizhou Chunshi New Materials Co., Ltd</td><td>CS356</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silk suture&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Qiangsheng Medical Devices Co.,Ltd</td><td>SA84G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgical blade</td><td>Huanan Yunyue Medical Devices Co.,Ltd</td><td>CE0434</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Surgical scissors</td><td>Shanghai Medical Devices Co.,Ltd</td><td>J21130</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe</td><td>Tongmai medical devices</td><td>20183140304</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tissue Forceps</td><td>Jiangxi Yuyuan Medical Equipment Co., Ltd</td><td>J36030</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

an immature murine model of reversible unilateral ureteral obstruction

An Immature Murine Model of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis and ultimately resulting in irreversible kidney damage. The alleviation of UUO is crucial. Several animal models of reversible unilateral ureteral obstruction (RUUO) have been established in the literature, enabling the observation of structural changes and functional damage while also simulating physiological and pathophysiological changes following the relief of ureteral obstruction. In this study, a reversible obstruction model was established in the unilateral murine ureter using a silicone tube. Significant renal damage was observed prior to obstruction relief, with partial recovery noted afterward. Unlike UUO, this model prevents progressive hydronephrosis, leading to distinct pathological outcomes. This simple surgical procedure demonstrates a high success rate and holds promise as a classical model for investigating reversible obstructive nephropathy and potential treatments for renal interstitial fibrosis. Furthermore, it provides a practical platform for studying the mechanisms of recovery from obstructive nephropathy, renal cell regeneration, and tissue remodeling.

The effects of UUO and its subsequent release (RUUO) on body weight, kidney weight, kidney volume, and serum creatinine (Scr) levels were evaluated, as summarized in Table 1. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), with n = 5 per group.
At 6 weeks, the native group exhibited a mean body weight of 234 g ± 16 g, kidney weight of 0.9107 g ± 0.0475 g, and kidney volume of 0.8962 cm³ ± 0.0502 cm³. By 8 weeks, the control group showed significant increases in body weig...

The present protocol describes a step-by-step, reproducible model of unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis and ...

an-immature-murine-model-of-reversible-unilateral-ureteral-obstruction

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

This video demonstrates the procedure to generate a unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse model. The procedure involves cutting one of the ureters of the mouse to obstruct urine flow.

Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Murine Model: A Surgical Procedure to Obstruct the Urinary Flow from a Kidney in Mouse Models

The murine model of irreversible unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) is presented together with the model of reversible UUO in which the ureteric obstruction is relieved by anastomosis of the severed ureter into the bladder. These models enable the study of renal inflammation and scarring as well as tissue remodeling.

A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

Traditional modeling of partial bladder outlet obstruction in rodents is fraught with animal mortality. A denervation injury from dissection around the proximal urethra and bladder neck is also of major concern. We developed and evaluated a safe and reliable mid-urethral obstruction model, avoiding the shortcomings of the traditional model.

Nerve-sparing Mid-urethral Obstruction (NeMO) in Female Small Rodents

We describe a method for evaluating the microRNA expression in the kidneys of mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. This protocol is suitable for studying kidney microRNA expression profiles in mice with UUO and in the context of other pathological conditions.

Quantitative Real-Time PCR Evaluation of microRNA Expressions in Mouse Kidney with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

This protocol describes a method for inducing unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice to study the progression of tissue fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. It includes surgical procedures, post-operative care, and methods for fibrosis assessment.

Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis

This paper provides detailed instructions to enable investigators to perform reversible unilateral ureteric obstruction in mice using a standardized model that allows analysis of the long-term structural and functional outcomes after the reversal of prolonged ureteric obstruction.

A Mouse Model to Evaluate the Long-Term Structural and Functional Outcomes after the Reversal of Prolonged Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

Bladder tumors are established in female mice in a minimally invasive fashion through catheterization, local cauterization, and subsequent adhesion of carcinoma cells to the burn sites.

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer

Cholestasis is a clinical condition commonly encountered by both surgeons and gastroenterologists. Creation of a reversible cholestatic rat model can be challenging in view of the smaller size and unique hepatopancreatobiliary anatomy in rats. This video article demonstrates the creation of a reversible cholestatic model.

Creation of Reversible Cholestatic Rat Model

A reliable and repeatable way to produce a cervical unilateral spinal cord injury using the Infinite Horizon impactor is described. The method takes advantage of a custom designed frame and clamp to stabilize the spine.  The standardized procedure and biomechanical injury parameters result in sufficient and sustained injuries.

A Contusive Model of Unilateral Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Using the Infinite Horizon Impactor

Determining donor cell engraftment presents a challenge in mouse bone marrow transplant models that lack well-defined phenotypical markers. We described a methodology to quantify male donor cell engraftment in female transplant recipient mice. This method can be used in all mouse strains for the study of HSC functions.

Using Quantitative Real-time PCR to Determine Donor Cell Engraftment in a Competitive Murine Bone Marrow Transplantation Model

Learn a reversible unilateral ureteral obstruction model in immature rats to study kidney injury recovery and renal repair mechanisms. This method enables researchers to investigate post-obstruction healing with minimal surgical complications.

An Immature Murine Model of Reversible Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction

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