Neuroimaging-Guided TMS&#8211;EEG for Real-Time Cortical Network Mapping

Elena Ukharova; Sabin Sathyan; Ida Gran&#246;; Isabella O&#39;Meeghan; Oskari Ahola; Noora Kainulainen; Joonas Laurinoja; Paula Partanen; Dogu Baran Aydogan; Risto J. Ilmoniemi; Timo Roine; Pantelis Lioumis

doi:10.3791/67339

Neuroimaging-Guided TMS–EEG for Real-Time Cortical Network Mapping

JoVE Journal
Neuroscience

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JoVE Journal Neuroscience

Neuroimaging-Guided TMS–EEG for Real-Time Cortical Network Mapping

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09:55 min

June 13, 2025

DOI: 10.3791/67339-v

Elena Ukharova¹, Sabin Sathyan¹, Ida Granö¹, Isabella O'Meeghan¹, Oskari Ahola^1,2,3, Noora Kainulainen¹, Joonas Laurinoja^1,4, Paula Partanen^5,6, Dogu Baran Aydogan^1,4, Risto J. Ilmoniemi¹, Timo Roine¹, Pantelis Lioumis^1,7,8

¹Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering,Aalto University School of Science, ²Hertie-Insitute for Clinical Brain Research,University of Tübingen, ³Department of Neurology and Stroke,University of Tübingen, ⁴A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences,University of Eastern Finland, ⁵Division of Psychology, VISE, Faculty of Education and Psychology,University of Oulu, ⁶Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science,University of Helsinki, ⁷BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Aalto University,University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, ⁸Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine,University of Helsinki

Overview

This study presents a novel protocol for personalized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) integrated with electroencephalography (EEG) mapping of cortical networks. The approach utilizes multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data modalities to inform the TMS application, aiming to enhance precision in targeting cortical regions.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

Neuroscience
Electrophysiology
Neuroimaging

Background

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive method for modulating brain activity.
Electroencephalography allows for real-time monitoring of neuronal activity.
Multiple MRI modalities provide comprehensive anatomical and functional insights.
Personalization of TMS may lead to more effective interventions in various neurological conditions.

Purpose of Study

To develop a protocol that combines TMS and EEG for individualized targeting of cortical networks.
To enhance the understanding of brain connectivity and network dynamics.
To improve clinical outcomes in TMS applications through personalized approaches.

Methods Used

The study utilized TMS combined with EEG for real-time cortical mapping.
Magnetic resonance imaging data provided the anatomical and functional basis for TMS targeting.
Personalization of protocols was based on individual MRI data.
Critical steps included calibrating TMS settings according to EEG responses.
Additional methodological details focused on integrating multimodal imaging techniques.

Main Results

The protocol demonstrated improved targeting of cortical areas compared to non-personalized methods.
EEG responses indicated enhanced understanding of short-term plasticity within targeted networks.
Personalized TMS protocols led to predictable and replicable neuronal responses.
Results suggest significant implications for the treatment of neurological disorders.

Conclusions

This study establishes an effective framework for personalized TMS interventions.
The integration of MRI with TMS and EEG provides a novel way to explore neuronal networks.
These insights may facilitate advancements in therapeutic strategies for cognitive and mood disorders.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the advantages of using TMS combined with EEG?

This combination allows for real-time monitoring of brain responses to stimulation, enhancing the precision of targeting and understanding of neuronal dynamics.

How is the biological model implemented in this study?

The study focuses on cortical networks, utilizing TMS to investigate their behavior as informed by EEG and MRI data, providing insights into brain connectivity.

What types of data or outcomes are obtained from this protocol?

The protocol yields data on neuronal excitability, cortical mapping, and real-time EEG responses, which are critical for understanding brain function.

How can this method be applied in clinical settings?

This personalized TMS approach can be utilized in treating various neurological and psychiatric conditions, potentially improving therapeutic outcomes.

Are there any limitations to this approach?

While promising, the complexity of integrating multiple imaging modalities may present challenges, including the need for specialized training and equipment.

What future research directions does this study suggest?

Future research may focus on expanding TMS applications to other neurological conditions and refining protocols based on individual brain network characteristics.

What insights does the study provide regarding brain plasticity?

The findings highlight how targeted TMS can induce evident short-term plasticity changes, underscoring the dynamic nature of cortical networks.

A novel protocol for personalized transcranial magnetic stimulation in combination with electroencephalography (TMS–EEG) mapping of cortical networks, informed by multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data modalities.

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Neuroscience transcranial magnetic stimulation electroencephalography TMS-EEG neuroimaging-guided TMS brain networks multimodal brain imaging