Name: chemical symbols and element names
Uploaded: 2023-06-23T15:38:43.000Z
Duration: 1 min 9 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Georgia Standards of Excellence

9-12

Physical Science

SPS2.

Chemical Names and Chemical Formulas

Chemical Symbols

الرموز الكيميائية هي الاختصارات المكونة من حرف واحد أو حرفين لعنصر ما في الجدول الدوري ، مثل C للكربون ، أو H للهيدروجين ، أو O للأكسجين ، أو Co للكوبالت.
يتم دائما كتابة الحرف الأول من الرمز الكيميائي بأحرف كبيرة. إذا كان الرمز يحتوي على حرفين ، كتابة الحرف الثاني بأحرف صغيرة لتجنب الخلط في اعتباره جزيئا ثنائي الذرة مكتوبا باستخدام نفس الأحرف.
تعتمد معظم الرموز الكيميائية على أول أو أول حرفين من الاسم الإنجليزي للعنصر ، بينما تشتق بعض الرموز من اسمها اللاتيني أو اليوناني.
الحديد للحديد يأتي من الاسم اللاتيني Ferrum ، ويشار إلى الصوديوم باسم Na لاسمه اللاتيني Natrium. وبالمثل ، فإن Aurum هو الاسم اللاتيني للذهب ، لذا فإن رمزه هو Au.
يمكن أن يتضمن الرمز الكيميائي معلومات إضافية حول هذا العنصر ، مثل رقمه الذري ، الذي يكتب عادة كخط منخفض يسار ، ورقمه الكتلي ، المكتوب بشكل عام على شكل حرف مرتفع على اليسار.

الرموز الكيميائية

<div style="direction:rtl">الرمز الكيميائي هو اختصار يُستخدم للإشارة إلى عنصر أو ذرة عنصر. على سبيل المثال، رمز الزئبق هو Hg. ونحن نستخدم الرمز نفسه للإشارة إلى ذرة واحدة من الزئبق (المجال المجهري) أو للإشارة إلى حاوية تضم العديد من ذرات عنصر الزئبق (المجال العياني). بعض الرموز مشتقة من الاسم الشائع للعنصر، في حين يكون البعض الآخر اختصارات للاسم بلغة أخرى. وتتكون معظم الرموز من حرف أو حرفين، ولكن تستخدم أحيانًا رموز مكونة من ثلاثة أحرف لوصف بعض العناصر التي لها أعداد ذرية أكبر من 112. لتجنب الخلط مع الرموز الأخرى، يتم كتابة الحرف الأول فقط من الرمز بأحرف كبيرة. على سبيل المثال، Co هو الرمز لعنصر الكوبالت، ولكن CO هو الرمز الخاص بأول أكسيد الكربون المركب الذي يحتوي على ذرات عنصري الكربون (C) والأكسجين (O). عادةً ما يقوم مكتشف (أو مكتشفو) العنصر الجديد بتسمية العنصر. ولكن، إلى أن يتم الاعتراف بالاسم من قبل الاتحاد الدولي للكيمياء البحتة والتطبيقية (IUPAC)، فإن الاسم الموصى به للعنصر الجديد يعتمد على الكلمة (الكلمات) اللاتينية للعدد الذري للعنصر. على سبيل المثال، سُمِّيَ العنصر 106 باسم أنيلهيكسيوم (Unh)، والعنصر 107 باسم أنيلسيبتيوم (Uns)، والعنصر 108 باسم أنيلوكتيوم (Uno) لعدة سنوات. تُسمَّى هذه العناصر الآن بأسماء العلماء (أو أحيانًا بأسماء المواقع)؛ على سبيل المثال، يُعرف العنصر 106 الآن باسم سيابورجيوم (Sg) تكريمًا لغلين سيبورغ، الحائز على جائزة نوبل والذي كان له دور فعال في اكتشاف العديد من العناصر الثقيلة. سُمي العنصر 109، ميتنيريوم، تكريمًا لـ ليز مايتنر، التي اكتشفت الانشطار
النووي، وهي ظاهرة سيكون لها آثار مغيّرة للعالم.

هذا النص مقتبس م <a href="https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/2-3-atomic-structure-and-symbolism">Openstax, Chemistry 2e, Section 2.3: Atomic Structure and Symbolism</a></div>

الرمز الكيميائي هو اختصار يستخدم للإشارة إلى عنصر أو ذرة عنصر. فعلى سبيل المثال، رمز الزئبق هو الزئبق. نحن نستخدم ...

Education

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

التشريح وعلم وظائف الأعضاء

Unit 1

الوحدة الأولى

Fundamentals of Chemistry

أساسيات الكيمياء

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

المصطلحات والمفاهيم الأساسية

chemical symbols and element names

Chemical symbols are short abbreviations that stand for an element or a single atom of that element. Mercury, for example, has the symbol Hg. The same symbol can point to one atom of mercury in the microscopic domain or to a sample labeled as many atoms of mercury in the macroscopic domain.

Many symbols come from the element’s common name. Others are shortened from a name in another language. Most chemical symbols use one or two letters. For a few elements with atomic numbers above 112, three-letter symbols have also been used.

Capitalization matters in chemical notation. Only the first letter of a symbol is capitalized, which helps avoid confusion with other symbols. Co means cobalt, but CO means carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide contains carbon, written as C, and oxygen, written as O.

New elements are traditionally named by the discoverer or discoverers. Before the name is accepted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, or IUPAC, the temporary name is based on Latin words for the element’s atomic number. Element 106 was called unnilhexium (Unh), element 107 was unnilseptium (Uns), and element 108 was unniloctium (Uno) for several years.

Many newly named elements now honor scientists or sometimes places. Element 106 is now seaborgium (Sg), named for Glenn Seaborg, a Nobel Prize winner who helped discover several heavy elements. Element 109 is meitnerium, named for Lise Meitner, whose work on nuclear fission had world-changing impacts.

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chemical symbols

Chemical symbols are short abbreviations that stand for an element or a single atom of that element. Mercury, for example, has the symbol Hg. The same symbol can point to one atom of mercury in the microscopic domain or to a sample labeled as many atoms of mercury in the macroscopic domain. Many symbols come from the element’s common name. Others are shortened from a name in another language. Most chemical symbols use one or two letters. For a few elements with atomic numbers above 112,...

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Chemical Symbols and Element Names

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