Crest Spine Tubercle

Crest, spine, and tubercle are raised anatomical features on bones that provide recognizable landmarks and often serve as attachment sites for muscles, tendons, or ligaments. A crest forms a narrow ridge, a spine projects as a sharp or slender process, and a tubercle appears as a small, rounded elevation; these contours develop through bone growth and remodeling influenced by mechanical forces. In biology and anatomy, distinguishing these bone markings supports skeletal identification, interpretation of movement and attachment patterns, and accurate description of specimens and medical images. Their form and position also help researchers compare skeletal structure across species.

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2023

In this video, we demonstrate the extraction of dorsal root ganglion or DRG from a harvested rat spine for downstream applications.

Analysis of Neural Crest Migration and Differentiation by Cross-species Transplantation

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An approach for analyzing migration and eventual fate of avian neural crest cells in quail-chick chimeric embryos is described. This method is a simple and straightforward technique for tracing neural crest cells during migration and differentiation that are otherwise difficult to distinguish within an unmanipulated chick embryo.

Quantification of Dendritic Spines Using Confocal Microscopy Imaging

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2025

Source: Gouder, et. al. Three-dimensional Quantification of Dendritic Spines from Pyramidal Neurons Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J. Vis. Exp. (2015).This video demonstrates the imaging and analysis of dendritic spines in transduced, immunolabeled pyramidal neurons using confocal microscopy. Background noise is reduced, and dendrites are traced by estimating their diameter and length. Automated spine segmentation involves setting parameters for dendrite and spine dimensions...

A Mouse Model of Lumbar Spine Instability

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We developed a lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration mouse model by resection of L3–L5 spinous processes along with supra- and inter-spinous ligaments and detachment of paraspinous muscles.

Analysis of Trunk Neural Crest Cell Migration using a Modified Zigmond Chamber Assay

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An approach to analyze the migration of explanted cells (trunk neural crest cells) is described. This method is inexpensive, gentle, and capable of distinguishing chemotaxis from both chemokinesis and other influences on migratory polarity such as those derived from cell-cell interactions within the primary trunk neural crest cell culture.

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