Drosophila Transinfection
Drosophila Transinfection - Related Videos
11:39
T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells
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Cited by 2 •
2016
Here a protocol is presented to measure bacterial capture by CD4+ T cells which occurs during antigen presentation via transinfection from pre-infected dendritic cells (DC). We show how to perform the necessary steps: isolation of primary cells, infection of DC, DC/T cell conjugate formation, and measurement of bacterial T cell transfection.
03:05
In Vitro Bacterial Transinfection of T Cells via Immunological Synapse Formation
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2025
Source: Cruz-Adalia, A., et al. T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells. J. Vis. Exp. (2016).This video demonstrates bacterial transinfection through antigen-specific T cell–dendritic cell interactions. Bacteria-infected dendritic cells presenting ovalbumin peptide are incubated with T cells, either directly or separated by a membrane. Direct contact allows immunological synapse formation, enabling bacterial transfer, while the membrane prevents interaction. Gentamicin...
07:57
Thawing, Culturing, and Cryopreserving Drosophila Cell Lines
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Cited by 13 •
2019
Drosophila cell lines are important reagents for both fundamental and biomedical research. This article provides protocols for thawing, subculturing, and the cryopreservation of commonly used Drosophila cell lines to assist researchers in incorporating the use of these reagents in their research.
08:46
Drosophila Maintenance
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2023
Drosophila melanogaster, commonly known as fruit flies, are a frequently used model organism for life science research. Although starting a collection of these critters may seem as easy as leaving a banana on your kitchen counter for too long, a productive fly colony in the lab requires careful husbandry and maintenance. This video demonstrates the necessary steps for maintaining a healthy fly stock. The overview begins with the preparation and storage of the yeast and sugar-containing media on...
09:16
An Introduction to Drosophila melanogaster
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2023
Drosophila melanogaster, also known as the fruit fly, is a powerful model organism widely used in biological research that has made significant contributions to the greater scientific community over the last century. First, this video introduces the fruit fly as an organism, including its physical characteristics, life cycle, environment, and diet. Next, the reasons why fruit flies make an excellent model organism are discussed. For example, fruit flies are inexpensive to maintain in the...
FAQs
Successful establishment depends on more than introducing the microorganism: recipient embryos must survive the microinjection, develop, reproduce, and pass the symbiont through the maternal line. Screening across these stages identifies fly lines in which the introduced association persists. This stability is essential because transient infection would not support reliable biological comparisons or multigenerational experiments.
Using infected and uninfected versions of a fly genotype helps separate symbiont effects from host genetic effects. When recipient backgrounds are otherwise closely matched, differences in development, reproduction, immunity, metabolism, or pathogen susceptibility can be interpreted more directly as consequences of carrying the microorganism. This design strengthens causal analysis of host-microbe interactions.
Maternal transmission is a key biological feature because it determines how the microorganism is maintained in descendant flies. A stable maternal association makes it possible to examine consequences across generations rather than only in injected embryos. In Drosophila biology, this supports experiments on how an endosymbiont alters host traits while remaining associated with the same lineage.
The workflow starts by selecting a microorganism-containing source, preparing infected cytoplasm or bacteria, and introducing that material into early fly embryos by microinjection. Researchers then maintain surviving flies, allow them to reproduce, and screen descendants for stable maternal transmission. This sequence converts an initial embryo-level intervention into a persistent recipient line suitable for controlled experiments.
Survival indicates whether embryos tolerate the intervention, whereas reproduction permits the introduced association to continue into descendants. Screening then determines whether transmission remains stable through the maternal line. Considering all three outcomes prevents researchers from treating a short-lived or nonheritable infection as an established transinfected line, improving the reliability of subsequent comparisons.
By comparing recipient flies that carry the microorganism with otherwise comparable flies that do not, researchers can examine changes in development, reproduction, immunity, metabolism, and susceptibility to pathogens. The controlled genetic context helps connect observed outcomes to the symbiont rather than to broad differences between fly strains, providing a clearer view of host-microbe interactions.
The method allows researchers to test how a symbiont-containing fly line differs in susceptibility to pathogens from an appropriate uninfected comparison. These results can reveal whether the microorganism influences traits relevant to disease transmission. Such controlled evidence also provides a foundation for evaluating symbiont-based strategies intended to manage insect-borne disease.