Hydrodynamic focusing organizes the cell-containing fluid into a narrow stream so individual cells pass through the laser-illuminated region in a controlled sequence. This alignment helps detectors associate scattered-light and fluorescence signals with particular cells rather than with a mixed population. As a result, the instrument can generate quantitative measurements for many individual cells.
Scattered light contributes information about a cell’s physical characteristics, while fluorescence reports labeled molecules associated with the cell. The LSR II combines these signal types to distinguish cellular populations and evaluate molecular differences. This separation is useful when researchers need to relate cell properties to protein expression or other labeled biological features.
Multiparameter analysis records several physical and fluorescent characteristics from the same individual cells. Rather than relying on a single measurement, researchers can compare multiple features to identify populations and examine variation within them. This approach is especially valuable for revealing biological heterogeneity, in which cells in one sample do not all share the same state or expression profile.
Fluorescent labels provide detectable signals from molecules associated with individual cells. During analysis, laser illumination excites the labeled molecules, and detectors capture the resulting fluorescence alongside scattered light. Researchers can then use the combined signals to assess protein expression and distinguish cellular groups with different molecular characteristics.
A measurement guides cells through a fluid stream, aligns them by hydrodynamic focusing, and exposes them to laser light one cell at a time. Detectors collect scattered-light and fluorescence signals, which are converted into multiparameter data. The resulting measurements support quantitative comparison of cell populations and cellular characteristics.
Researchers can apply the LSR II when they need quantitative information about cell populations, protein expression, immune responses, viability, or activation. In biology, these measurements support immunology and cell biology investigations, while broader uses include disease research and experimental medicine. Its single-cell analysis helps reveal differences that population-level averages could conceal.