Somatic Recombination
Somatic Recombination - Related Videos
07:06
Tissue Regeneration with Somatic Stem Cells
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2023
Somatic or adult stem cells, like embryonic stem cells, are capable of self-renewal but demonstrate a restricted differentiation potential. Nonetheless, these cells are crucial to homeostatic processes and play an important role in tissue repair. By studying and manipulating this cell population, scientist may be able to develop new regenerative therapies for injuries and diseases. This video first defines somatic stem cells, and then explores the role these cells play in tissue regeneration.
14:23
Recombineering Homologous Recombination Constructs in Drosophila
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Cited by 9 •
2013
Homologous recombination techniques greatly advance Drosophila genetics by enabling the creation of molecularly precise mutations. The recent adoption of recombineering allows one to manipulate large pieces of DNA and transform them into Drosophila6. The methods presented here combine these techniques to rapidly generate large homologous recombination vectors.
08:56
Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming
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Cited by 5 •
2016
The protocol presented in this study describes methods for the real-time monitoring of reprogramming progression via the kinetic measurement of positive and negative pluripotent stem cell markers using flow cytometry analysis. The protocol also includes the imaging-based assessment of morphology, and marker or reporter expression during iPSC generation.
08:56
Recombineering and Gene Targeting
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2023
One of the most widely used tools in modern biology is molecular cloning with restriction enzymes, which create compatible ends between DNA fragments that allow them to be joined together. However, this technique has certain restrictions that limit its applicability for large or complex DNA construct generation. A newer technique that addresses some of these shortcomings is recombineering, which modifies DNA using homologous recombination (HR), the exchange between different DNA molecules based...
00:57
Viral Recombination
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2019
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment. Viral Recombination Can Create New Diseases Some diseases can infect multiple species. For example, pigs can be infected by some human and...
FAQs
It combines selected variable, diversity, and joining segments in developing immune cells, producing different gene arrangements from the same available segment sets. Because each rearrangement can contribute to an antibody or T-cell receptor sequence, this segment-level assembly expands the number of antigen-recognition possibilities without requiring a different inherited genome in every cell.
RAG1 and RAG2 carry out the targeted DNA cutting and rejoining required for rearrangement of selected immune receptor gene segments. Their action enables variable, diversity, and joining regions to be assembled within individual immune cells. This activity is therefore central to generating receptor sequences that can recognize many different antigens.
Imprecise repair changes the DNA sequence at the boundaries where gene segments are joined. These junctional differences add variation beyond the combinations created by selecting different variable, diversity, and joining segments. As a result, antibodies and T-cell receptors can acquire additional sequence diversity, broadening the potential antigen repertoire produced during immune-cell development.
Somatic recombination occurs in individual somatic cells rather than changing the inherited genome shared across the organism. Its effects are therefore restricted to the cells in which rearrangement takes place, such as developing immune cells. This distinction allows immune-cell populations to generate diverse receptor sequences while the organism's inherited DNA remains unchanged in other cells.
A conceptual sequence begins with selecting variable, diversity, and joining gene segments, followed by RAG1- and RAG2-mediated cutting and rejoining. Repair at the new junctions can introduce further sequence variation. Together, these stages create distinct antibody and T-cell receptor arrangements in individual immune cells, supporting a broad response to different antigens.
Its importance lies in connecting immune-cell development with receptor diversity. Rearranged gene segments give developing cells the molecular sequences used by antibodies and T-cell receptors to recognize antigens. Studying this process helps explain how adaptive immunity can detect many targets and how specialized immune-cell populations acquire their recognition capabilities.
Abnormal DNA rearrangement can disrupt normal immune-cell development or produce harmful genetic changes. Consequently, somatic recombination is relevant to investigating immunodeficiencies and some cancers. Examining where the rearrangement process fails, or how altered joining affects immune cells, helps connect errors in DNA repair and rearrangement with disease-related outcomes.