Name: organismal elements in the periodic table
Uploaded: 2023-06-23T15:38:43.000Z
Duration: 1 min 27 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Louisiana Student Standards for Science

High School

Chemistry

Matter And Its Interactions

HS-PS1-1

the-periodic-table-and-organismal-elements

The Periodic Table And Organismal Elements

从基本层面来看，所有物质都由包含不同化学元素的分子构成。
元素是由同种原子组成的纯净物。
元素周期表是化学领域的标准参考工具，其中元素按照原子序数递增的顺序排列。
元素所使用的特定符号通常是其名称的前一个或两个字母，这些符号也可能源自元素的拉丁文或德文名称。例如，钠的符号为 Na，源自拉丁文 Natrium；铁的符号为 Fe，源自拉丁文 Ferrum。
生物体物质的96%主要由四种元素构成：氧、碳、氢和氮。
其余4%由钙、磷、钾、硫和铁组成。
在动物体内，钙对牙齿和骨骼的健康生长至关重要，而血红蛋白中的铁则负责将氧气分子从肺部输送到身体的其他细胞。
此外，镁、锰、铜、锌、钼和钾等金属离子有助于酶催化多种代谢反应。

元素周期表与生物体元素

元素是物质的最小单位，不能通过化学过程进一步分解。已知的元素有 118 种，但并非所有这些元素都是天然存在的，而且只有少数元素是生命所必需的。生命物质主要由碳、氮、氢和氧组成，还有少量的其他元素，如钙、磷、钾和硫。其他元素也是生命所必需的，但含量仅为微量。

元素周期表提供有关元素的物理和化学性质信息

元素周期表根据元素的物理和化学性质对元素进行分类。元素周期表中的每个方块都显示元素的全名、化学符号、原子序数和原子量。元素的原子序数对应于其原子核中的质子数，并提供有关元素大小的信息。元素在周期表中主要根据其原子序数分为列（族）和行（周期）。它们还根据其他物理和化学性质进行分组，例如反应性、最外层电子的位置以及形成某些类型键的能力。同一族（即列）中的元素大小不同，但彼此具有许多共同的化学性质。相比之下，同一周期（即行）的元素尺寸更相似，电子位置也相似，但化学性质却相差很大。

构成人体的主要元素和微量元素

地球上的所有生命都含有氧、碳、氢和氮元素。更准确地说，人体的96%是由这四种元素组成的。其余 4% 主要由钙、磷、钾、硫、钠、氯和镁组成，按相对丰度排列。此外，有些元素对人体来说是必需的，但其含量却不足0.01%； 这些被称为微量元素。尽管微量元素含量很少，但对健康仍然至关重要。例如，铁在红细胞中发挥着重要作用，有助于结合氧气，使其能够在整个循环系统中运输。铁太少会导致缺铁性贫血，导致疲劳、气短、虚弱和心律不齐。

有些元素对生物体有害

有些元素即使是小剂量也会对健康产生不利影响。 例如，汞是几种重金属之一，小剂量即可产生多种症状（取决于受影响的组织），大剂量则可导致死亡。随着时间的推移，它会在多细胞生物的组织中积累，因此反复暴露是一个需要关注的问题。重金属污染物往往首先通过初级生产者（即植物）进入食物链，然后再影响人类等较高营养水平的生物体。

元素是物质的最小单位，无法通过化学过程进一步分解。目前已知的元素有118种，但并非所有元素都……

Education

教育

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

解剖学与生理学

Unit 1

第 1 单元

Fundamentals of Chemistry

化学基础

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

关键术语与概念

元素周期表和有机元素

organismal elements in the periodic table

The periodic table helps identify the elements that make up living organisms. Biology groups these as organismal elements because they are the chemical building blocks of life.

These elements are found in different amounts in the body. Some are present in large quantities, while others are needed only in small amounts. The video connects the periodic table to the elements that organisms actually use.

Understanding organismal elements helps students link chemistry to biology. It shows how elements from the periodic table become part of cells and tissues in living things.

Organismal Elements in the Periodic Table

organismal-elements-in-the-periodic-table

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the periodic table and organismal elements

The periodic table helps identify the elements that make up living organisms. Biology groups these as organismal elements because they are the chemical building blocks of life. These elements are found in different amounts in the body. Some are present in large quantities, while others are needed only in small amounts. The video connects the periodic table to the elements that organisms actually use. Understanding organismal elements helps students link chemistry to biology. It shows how...

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HS-PS1-2

The Periodic Table

As early chemists discovered more elements, they realized that various elements could be grouped by their similar chemical behaviors. One such grouping ...

Periodic Classification of the Elements

The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their ...

Atomic Structure

The Greek philosopher Democritus proposed that everything on Earth is made up of tiny particles called atomos, Greek for &#34;indivisible,&#34; from which ...

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Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the ...

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Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge

The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number ...

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Sources and Properties of Electric Charge

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Source: Yong P. Chen, PhD, Department of Physics &#38; Astronomy, College of Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
An electric field is generated ...

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Electron Behavior

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Subatomic Particles

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	Preparation of 25% v/v Ethylenediamine in Deionized WaterExpand
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physical-and-chemical-properties-of-matter

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Physical Properties of Matter

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comparison-between-electrical-and-gravitational-forces

Comparison Between Electrical And Gravitational Forces

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intermolecular-forces-and-physical-properties

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties



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electric-field-of-two-equal-and-opposite-charges

Electric Field of Two Equal and Opposite Charges

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Electric Field

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Electric Dipoles and Dipole Moment

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HS-PS1-3

bond-dissociation-energy-and-activation-energy

Bond Dissociation Energy and Activation Energy

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Overview

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Types of Chemical Reactions: Anabolic and Catabolic

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Activation Energy

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Energy Transfer in Chemical Reactions

Chemical reactions require sufficient energy to cause the matter to collide with enough precision and force that old chemical bonds can be broken and new ...

Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.  Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on the idea that a chemical reaction is a system that affects the energy change.  Examples of models could include molecular-level drawings and diagrams of reactions, graphs showing the relative energies of reactants and products, and representations showing energy is conserved.

HS-PS1-4

Organismal Elements in the Periodic Table

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