养护小鼠的基本知识

Proper housing maintains clean, stable conditions that keep mice free of infection and contamination while providing a stress-free environment. This promotes normal mouse behavior and is essential for animal health, productivity, and experimental reproducibility. Clean bedding and appropriate cage setup directly support these outcomes.

Mouse cages require a solid plastic bottom and sides with bedding made of shredded corncobs or wood shavings to absorb waste and provide insulation. Loose nesting material allows mice to build burrows mimicking their natural behavior. A metal lid with a food hopper and water bottle holder, plus an air-filtered plastic cover, completes the setup.

Up to five female mice can share one cage comfortably due to their social nature. Male mice, however, can only cohabitate if introduced early in life. Adult males introduced later will fight over territory, causing injury or death, so they must be housed separately.

Laboratory mice receive preformulated food pellets, or chow, that reflect their natural preference for carbohydrates. These pellets are balanced with fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals tailored to the mouse strain and experimental conditions. Food and water are typically available ad libitum, allowing mice access anytime.

Before working with mice, approval from IACUC (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee) is required to ensure humane treatment. Always wear personal protective equipment and gloves when entering the facility or handling mice. These measures prevent pathogen introduction and protect both researcher and animal from infection.

Pick the mouse up at the base of the tail and allow it to grip the cage lid bars. For secure restraint, lift the backend slightly, grip the tail with your ring and pinky fingers, and grasp the mouse across the shoulders at the scruff of its neck. Proper handling prevents injury and stress-related behavioral changes that could confound experimental data.

Cages are labeled to indicate which mice live inside. To distinguish individuals within a cage, researchers use ear punches, ear tags, and tail markings. These identification strategies enable researchers to track specific animals during experiments and maintain accurate records of introducing experimental agents into the mouse.