2.10:

2.10: 散点图

JoVE Core
Statistics

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JoVE Core Statistics

Scatter Plot

2.11: Time-Series Graph

6,912 Views

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01:15 min

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April 30, 2023

Overview

The most common and easiest way to display the relationship between two variables, x and y, is a scatter plot. A scatter plot shows the direction of a relationship between the variables. A clear direction happens when there is either:

High values of one variable occurring with high values of the other variable or low values of one variable occurring with low values of the other variable.
High values of one variable occurring with low values of the other variable.

One can determine the strength of the relationship by looking at the scatter plot and seeing how close the points are to a line, a power function, an exponential function, or to some other type of function. For a linear relationship, there is an exception. Consider a scatter plot where all the points fall on a horizontal line providing a "perfect fit." The horizontal line would, in fact, show no relationship.

When looking at a scatterplot, one must notice the overall pattern and any deviations, if any.

Transcript

考虑有关房屋价格及其相应地面面积的定量数据。这种具有两个变量的定量数据称为双变量数据。

充当原因的变量称为自变量，而显示响应的另一个变量称为因变量。

可以使用散点图来可视化一个变量对另一个变量的这种依赖性。在这里，自变量（地面面积）沿 X 轴表示，因变量（房屋价格）沿 Y 轴表示。

标记与地面区域对应的价格。然后，绘制最佳拟合线，使这条线的上方和下方的点数几乎相等。这些点共同构成了标识两个变量之间相关性的模式。

请注意，地面面积的增加会导致房屋价格的上涨。这种增长趋势表示正相关。

相反，如果观察到下降趋势，则表明负相关。没有趋势意味着没有相关性。

Key Terms and definitions

Scatter Plot - A graph showing the relationship between two variables, x and y.
Direction - Highs and lows of variables in a scatter plot.
Perfect Correlation - All points in a scatter plot fall on a single line.
No Trend - Scatter plot showing no clear relationship between variables.
Linear Relationship - Scatter plot where data points fall along a line, but not horizontally.

Learning Objectives

Define Scatter Plot - Visual representation of the relationship between two variables (e.g., scatter plot).
Contrast Perfect Correlation vs No Trend - Distinguish between clear and unclear relationships (e.g., perfect correlation scatter plot vs no trend scatter plot).
Explore Examples - Look at variations of scatter plots (e.g., linear relationship scatter plot).
Explain Scatter Plot Direction - Describe how the direction of a scatter plot is determined.
Apply in Context - Understand how scatter plots are used in psychology.

Questions that this video will help you answer

What is a scatter plot and how to read one?
What distinguishes perfect correlation from no trend in scatter plots?
How to determine the direction of a scatter plot?

This video is also useful for

Students - Understanding of scatter plots aids in comprehending variable relationships.
Educators - Scatter plots provide a visual tool for teaching relationship between variables.
Researchers - Scatter plots can serve as a fundamental tool in data analysis.
Science Enthusiasts - Scatter plots offer a simple way to see relationships between variables.

Tags

散点图关系变量 X 和 Y 高值低值关系强度线性关系点接近度完美拟合整体模式偏差