Cell Permeation
Cell Permeation - Related Videos
01:58
Studying the Permeation of FITC and FITC-Ferritin through an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model
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2025
This video demonstrates a method to study permeation through an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model using astrocytes and endothelial cells on a membrane insert, with free FITC and FITC-loaded ferritin. FITC-ferritin bound to receptors on endothelial cells and crossed the membrane barrier to the lower chamber while free FITC showed restricted permeation and remained in the upper chamber.
11:13
In Vitro Permeation of FITC-loaded Ferritins Across a Rat Blood-brain Barrier: a Model to Study the Delivery of Nanoformulated Molecules
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Cited by 15 •
2016
A method to establish an in vitro model of blood-brain barrier based on a co-culture of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes is described and validated. This system proved to be a valid tool to study the effect of nanoformulation on the trans-barrier permeation of fluorescent molecules.
05:54
Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems for Olfactory Training and Field Testing
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Cited by 1 •
2021
The Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation System is a simple, field-portable, low-cost method of odor delivery for olfactory testing and training. It is constructed of an odorant retained on an adsorbent material and contained inside of a permeable polymer bag allowing controlled release of the odorant vapor over time.
08:21
Permeabilization of Adhered Cells Using an Inert Gas Jet
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Cited by 3 •
2013
This protocol describes a method for the temporary permeabilization of adherent cells using an inert gas jet. This technique facilitates the transfer of genetic material and biomolecules into adherent mammalian cells by the utilization of mechanical forces to disrupt the plasma membrane.
13:05
Flow Cytometry Protocols for Surface and Intracellular Antigen Analyses of Neural Cell Types
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Cited by 39 •
2014
We provide a detailed description of a protocol for flow cytometric analysis of surface antigens and/or intracellular antigens in neural cell types. Critical aspects of experimental planning, step-by-step methodological procedures, and fundamental principles of flow cytometry are explained in order to enable neurobiologists to exploit this powerful technology.
FAQs
Membrane composition, concentration gradients, electrochemical gradients, and the properties of the transported substance jointly determine permeation. These variables influence whether ions or molecules can cross directly, require a channel or carrier protein, or depend on energy-driven transport. Examining them helps explain why different substances follow distinct routes across the same cellular boundary.
Passive diffusion allows substances to cross without an energy requirement, while channels and carrier proteins provide selective pathways for other substances. Active transport adds an energy-dependent route. Distinguishing these mechanisms helps researchers relate the observed movement of ions or molecules to the membrane pathway involved and to the cellular conditions governing transport.
Gradients provide key conditions that influence movement across a membrane. Concentration differences describe how much of a substance is present on different sides, while electrochemical gradients are especially relevant to ions because they incorporate electrical and concentration-related influences. Evaluating these gradients helps clarify transport behavior and its contribution to cellular regulation.
The membrane's composition affects the environment through which substances must pass and therefore contributes to differences in permeation. Its properties work together with the characteristics of the transported substance and the existing gradients. This relationship is important when interpreting why some substances diffuse, whereas others need channels, carrier proteins, or energy-driven transport.
Cell permeation studies help clarify how cells acquire nutrients, remove waste, communicate through signaling, and regulate osmotic conditions. These investigations connect membrane transport mechanisms with broader cellular functions rather than treating movement across the membrane as an isolated event. The resulting understanding supports research on membrane physiology and cellular homeostasis.
Permeation research supports examination of how therapeutic compounds enter cells, how potentially harmful substances affect cellular systems, and how pathogens gain entry. It also contributes to drug-delivery research by focusing attention on movement across cellular membranes. These applications extend membrane-transport principles from basic biology to medically and biologically important questions.