Malignancy
Malignancy - Related Videos
08:32
Isolating Malignant and Non-Malignant B Cells from lck:eGFP Zebrafish
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Cited by 9 •
2019
Transgenic lck:eGFP zebrafish express GFP highly in T lymphocytes, and have been used to study T cell development and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This line can be used to study B cells, which express lck at lower levels. This protocol describes purification of malignant and non-malignant B cells from lck:eGFP zebrafish.
09:39
Normal and Malignant Muscle Cell Transplantation into Immune Compromised Adult Zebrafish
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Cited by 16 •
2014
Here, we present a protocol for cell transplantation of zebrafish skeletal muscle and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) into adult immune compromised rag2E450fs homozygous mutant zebrafish. This protocol allows for the efficient analysis of regeneration and malignant transformation of muscle cells.
08:33
Three Dimensional Cultures: A Tool To Study Normal Acinar Architecture vs. Malignant Transformation Of Breast Cells
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Cited by 22 •
2014
Three dimensional culture of mammary epithelial cells on a reconstituted basement membrane is a useful method to recapitulate the in vivo architecture of the benign breast, and to differentiate the malignant phenotype from the benign breast phenotype. Importantly, this system can be applied to study invasive carcinomas in other tissues.
08:51
A Three-dimensional Tissue Culture Model to Study Primary Human Bone Marrow and its Malignancies
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Cited by 16 •
2014
In standard culture methods cells are taken out of their physiological environment and grown on the plastic surface of a dish. To study the behavior of primary human bone marrow cells we created a 3-D culture system where cells are grown under conditions recapitulating the native microenvironment of the tissue.
05:24
Multifractal Spectrum Analysis for Assessing Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy
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Cited by 2 •
2025
This study introduces multifractal spectrum analysis for assessing pulmonary nodule malignancy. Using CT-DICOM data, the method calculates fractal dimensions across multiple voxel scales, revealing significant differences between early-stage and late-stage pulmonary nodules.
FAQs
Genetic alterations can activate growth signals or weaken normal controls over cell division. Epigenetic changes can modify gene activity without changing the DNA sequence, while defects in differentiation, DNA repair, and programmed cell death allow abnormal cells to persist and accumulate further changes. These interacting abnormalities help explain why tumors may behave differently and require characterization beyond their location alone.
Angiogenesis, tissue invasion, and metastasis represent distinct progression-related capabilities. Alterations that promote angiogenesis are considered alongside the tumor’s ability to invade nearby tissues or reach distant sites. Clinically, recognizing these features helps characterize disease extent and contributes to assessment of stage and prognosis, rather than relying only on tumor location.
When DNA repair is impaired, abnormal changes may persist rather than being corrected. If programmed cell death is also disrupted, cells carrying those changes can survive instead of being removed. Together, these failures undermine tissue-level control and provide a mechanistic basis for continued abnormal proliferation, making them important considerations in understanding malignancy.
Clinical evaluation combines symptoms, physical examination, imaging, histopathology, and molecular testing. Used together, these sources provide complementary evidence for characterizing the disease and determining tumor type, stage, and prognosis. This multimodal approach is important because no single clinical observation supplies all the information needed to guide evaluation or subsequent treatment selection.
Tumor type, stage, and prognosis answer different clinical questions. Type describes what tumor it is, stage summarizes how far disease has progressed, and prognosis estimates expected clinical course. Clinicians derive these judgments from the combined assessment and use them to guide treatment selection and assess likely outcomes.
Once tumor characteristics and extent have been assessed, clinicians can align treatment with the clinical situation. Available approaches include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Follow-up monitoring then evaluates response and helps detect recurrence, allowing the care plan to remain connected to changing disease findings.