Miliary Tb
Miliary Tb - Related Videos
08:54
Validated LC-MS/MS Panel for Quantifying 11 Drug-Resistant TB Medications in Small Hair Samples
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Cited by 5 •
2020
Current methods of analyzing patients’ adherence to complex drug resistant-tuberculosis (DR-TB) regimens can be inaccurate and resource-intensive. Our method analyzes hair, an easily collected and stored matrix, for concentrations of 11 DR-TB medications. Using LC-MS/MS, we can determine sub-nanogram drug levels that can be utilized to better understand drug adherence.
10:41
A Tuberculosis Molecular Bacterial Load Assay (TB-MBLA)
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Cited by 18 •
2020
We describe a tuberculosis molecular bacterial load assay test performed after heat inactivation of sputum. Heat inactivation renders sputum samples noninfectious and obviates the need for containment level 3 laboratories for tuberculosis molecular tests.
07:32
Preparation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Culture Filtrate to Understand TB Pathogenesis
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Cited by 2 •
2025
Here, we demonstrate the preparation of Mtb culture filtrate (CF), which is the bacterial growth media that consists of proteins secreted by the bacteria. Mtb secretes proteins to modulate host signaling and immune response, which are crucial for pathogenesis. The CFs prepared are analyzed by mass spectrometry to identify all the secretory factors.
10:24
Identification of Potential Anti-TB Candidates: A Step-by-Step Guide to Synthesis, MIC Determination, and Cytotoxicity Assessment in Mammalian Cells
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2026
Here, we present a protocol to identify potential anti-tuberculosis drug candidates through phenotypic screening, encompassing the chemical synthesis of a 4-aminoquinoline compound, determination of its minimum inhibitory concentration against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and assessment of its cytotoxicity in mammalian cell lines.
09:56
Determination of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Reactive Oxygen Species in Live Rat Cortical Neurons
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Cited by 230 •
2011
We demonstrate application of the fluorescence indicator, TMRM, in cortical neurons to determine the relative changes in TMRM fluorescence intensity before and after application of a specific stimulus. We also show application of the fluorescence probe H2DCF-DA to assess the relative level of reactive oxygen species in cortical neurons.
FAQs
Cellular immunity normally helps contain Mycobacterium tuberculosis within a localized focus. When this defense is impaired, bacilli can escape that focus and disseminate through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. The resulting spread allows granulomatous inflammation to develop in several organs, increasing the likelihood of systemic illness and complications beyond the original pulmonary site.
The infection can extend beyond the lungs when bacilli enter blood or lymphatic pathways. They may then establish granulomatous lesions in locations such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, or brain. Organ involvement helps explain why patients can develop respiratory symptoms alongside systemic or organ-specific manifestations, rather than showing an illness limited to pulmonary disease.
Miliary TB can progress to serious organ complications because multiple sites may be affected simultaneously. Respiratory failure and meningitis are specifically important outcomes, and the disease can be fatal. Prolonged fever, weight loss, and respiratory or organ-specific symptoms should therefore be interpreted seriously when disseminated infection is possible, since early recognition supports timely treatment.
Diagnosis may require combining chest imaging with tissue sampling and microbiologic testing. Imaging can support recognition of widespread disease, while tissue and microbiologic studies help investigate affected sites and identify the infection. Because clinical manifestations vary by organ involvement, clinicians may need more than one diagnostic method rather than relying on symptoms alone.
Disseminated disease can involve several organs and produce varied clinical findings, so a single symptom pattern may not establish the diagnosis. Tissue sampling examines affected material for disease-related changes, while microbiologic testing investigates the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Using these approaches with chest imaging can strengthen diagnostic assessment when the presentation is complex.
Early recognition enables multidrug therapy before dissemination causes irreversible or life-threatening complications. Treatment is particularly important because the disease may progress to respiratory failure, meningitis, or death. In clinical practice, persistent fever, weight loss, respiratory symptoms, or organ-specific findings can prompt evaluation that leads to earlier diagnosis and treatment.