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Behavior
一般方法评估对静脉注射甲基苯丙胺的自我管理深部脑刺激的影响
一般方法评估对静脉注射甲基苯丙胺的自我管理深部脑刺激的影响
JoVE Journal
Behavior
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JoVE Journal Behavior
A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

一般方法评估对静脉注射甲基苯丙胺的自我管理深部脑刺激的影响

Full Text
15,897 Views
09:16 min
January 22, 2016

DOI: 10.3791/53266-v

Vinita Batra1, Glenn F. Guerin2, Nicholas E. Goeders2, Jessica A. Wilden1,2

1Department of Neurosurgery,Louisiana State University, 2Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience,Louisiana State University

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This article describes the delivery of intracranial electrical stimulation that is temporally and spatially separate from the drug-use environment for the treatment of IV methamphetamine dependence. The study aims to evaluate the effects of deep brain stimulation in rodents to understand its potential in addiction therapy.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Psychiatry
  • Behavioral Neuroscience

Background

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a technique used to modulate neural activity.
  • Understanding the timing and environment of stimulation is crucial for effective treatment.
  • This study focuses on the effects of DBS on methamphetamine dependence in a rodent model.
  • Previous research has indicated potential benefits of DBS in addiction therapies.

Purpose of Study

  • To evaluate the effects of DBS on drug abuse behaviors in rodents.
  • To determine the optimal conditions for DBS therapy in addiction treatment.
  • To assess the feasibility of translating these findings to human patients.

Methods Used

  • Intracranial electrical stimulation delivered in a controlled environment.
  • Operant conditioning to train rodents in IV methamphetamine self-administration.
  • Monitoring of behavioral responses during stimulation sessions.
  • Use of specific parameters for stimulation frequency and amplitude.

Main Results

  • DBS showed potential in reducing drug-seeking behavior in rodents.
  • Optimal stimulation parameters were identified for effective treatment.
  • Behavioral changes were observed during stimulation sessions.
  • The study provides insights into the timing and setting of DBS for addiction therapy.

Conclusions

  • DBS may offer a promising approach to treat methamphetamine dependence.
  • Further research is needed to translate findings to clinical settings.
  • The study highlights the importance of environmental factors in addiction therapy.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main focus of the study?
The study focuses on the effects of deep brain stimulation on IV methamphetamine dependence in rodents.
How is the experiment conducted?
Rodents are trained to self-administer methamphetamine while receiving DBS in a controlled environment.
What are the expected outcomes of DBS?
The expected outcomes include reduced drug-seeking behavior and insights into effective treatment parameters.
Who conducted the study?
The study was conducted by Dr. Vinita Batra and Mr. Glenn Guerin in their laboratory.
What are the implications of this research?
This research may lead to new therapeutic strategies for treating addiction in humans.
What is the significance of the timing and environment in DBS?
The timing and environment are crucial for maximizing the effectiveness of DBS in reducing drug abuse.

本文描述了颅内电刺激的传递,该刺激在时间和空间上与药物使用环境分开,用于治疗静脉甲基苯丙胺依赖。

该程序的总体目标是评估脑深部刺激的效果,该刺激在时间和空间上与啮齿动物静脉注射甲基苯丙胺的药物使用环境分开。这种方法可以帮助回答成瘾精神病学中的关键问题,例如:对离散的大脑区域进行电刺激可以减少药物滥用吗,在什么情况下这种疗法最有效?这种技术的主要优点是电疗是在与药物使用环境不同的时间和环境中进行的。

这更接近于人类患者的可能性。演示此程序的是我们实验室的博士后研究员之一 Vinita Batra 博士和我们的首席实验室技术员 Glenn Guerin 先生。文本协议中概述了该实验的准备工作。

首先,尽快和平静地将大鼠加载到作室中,以尽量减少行为伪影。用 0.1 毫升 0.9% 盐水溶液冲洗大鼠的导管,以确保在实验开始前管路通畅。接下来,将不锈钢弹簧皮带系在啮齿动物背部的导管上。

将套管的另一端连接到作腔上方的防漏液体旋转接头。为了让大鼠快速学习自我管理任务,连续四到五天每天运行 6 小时,并且总是在一天中的同一时间进行。对于每个主动杠杆按压,提供一次甲基苯丙胺输注,然后是 30 秒的超时,此时杠杆不提供任何东西。

到第一周结束时,啮齿动物将熟练地自行服用甲基苯丙胺。在训练的第二周,周一至周五每天让大鼠进行两小时的训练,以维持和改进它们的静脉注射甲基苯丙胺自我给药。继续以固定的 1 比率进行会话,超时 30 秒。

当每连续三个疗程中甲基苯丙胺输注的总数变化小于 10% 时,即达到稳定、强烈的反应。当前 30 分钟的累积输注次数大于后 30 分钟的累积输注次数时,就会出现稳定强烈反应的另一个指标。当大鼠出现这种药物加载模式时,表明有成瘾行为,而不仅仅是随意使用。

在每次治疗结束时,准备一个注射器来冲洗导管并断开皮带与啮齿动物背部的连接。用 0.1 毫升含有 800 IU 链激酶的 0.9% 盐水溶液冲洗大鼠的导管,以防止血栓形成。冲洗后,将护套插入每个导向套管以防止堵塞。

然后,将老鼠放回它的家笼中。请参阅文本协议 测试导管的通畅性 以及如何解决此实验的常见问题。为这个实验准备 10 到 12 个 Plexiglas 盒子。

在每个盒子上,用坚硬的不透明纸覆盖三面墙的外侧,以防止老鼠看到彼此。但是,在刺激过程中,请保持前墙畅通无阻,以便观察动物。接下来,用硬板部分覆盖盒子的顶部,以防止老鼠逃跑,但仍允许空气流通。

在顶部面板上,支持换向器,用于啮齿动物头帽和刺激系统之间的电气连接。使用可以向多个同时进行的动物提供恒定电流的刺激系统进行 DBS 实验。它应该包括一个可编程接口。

使用定制长度的电缆,将刺激器的通道端口连接到每个换向器的高级电子基座。然后,使用包裹在不锈钢弹簧中的 16 英寸电缆将换向器的下电子基座连接到啮齿动物头帽上的植入电极基座。电缆应允许大鼠自由移动到围栏的每个区域,而不会在头帽上产生明显的张力。

当老鼠四英尺时,到达老鼠头部可以去的地方的电缆通常足够长。要对系统进行编程,请使用可视化编程语言来指定每个设备将执行哪些功能以满足实验终点,以及将存储和/或投影哪些数据以供实时查看。在实验开始之前,在可视化控制面板中指定所需的频率、脉冲宽度和幅度。

大鼠高频刺激的典型参数与临床人脑深部刺激中使用的参数相似。频率为 130 至 180 赫兹,脉冲宽度为 60 至 90 毫秒,电流幅度为 100 至 250 微安。对于脑刺激实验,当将大鼠装入盒子时,将换向器的不锈钢弹簧电缆连接到头帽上的每个电极基座上。

首先,使用 1000 赫兹的 5 微安电流测试每个电极的阻抗,持续 2 秒钟。如果电极的阻抗等于或小于 125 千克欧姆,则继续进行实验。但如果没有,请考虑将动物从实验中移除,因为电极的电阻可能会将电流截断到潜在的低于治疗水平。

从一两次模拟会议开始,让老鼠习惯。在这些疗程期间不要应用任何积极疗法。每次模拟会议后,立即将大鼠运送到作箱,进行每天两小时的 IV 甲基苯丙胺自我给药。

在实验中,将大鼠平衡为两组,一组是主动刺激队列和一组进行模拟会议的假刺激队列。每天进行 5 天的深部脑刺激治疗,每天 3 小时。在每次刺激期间仔细观察动物,以注意刺激是否导致行为发生任何明显的改变。

在每次深部脑刺激之后,立即开始大鼠的每日静脉注射甲基苯丙胺自我给药。在放置静脉颈静脉导管和颅内深部脑刺激电极后,大鼠在长期使用甲基苯丙胺两天后获得并升级了药物自我给药。接下来,将大鼠转移到每天 2 小时的作训练计划中,以防止甲基苯丙胺中毒并建立可以通过各种治疗干预纵的稳定反应率。

到作训练的第 6 天,大鼠服用该药物的动机增加,如出现前装式摄入模式所示。这种模式在随后的交易中基本持续。在建立这种稳定的药物滥用模式后,根据所描述的方案进行深部脑刺激。

这导致作性 IV 甲基苯丙胺自我给药的显着减少。一旦掌握,这项技术可以在 2 到 4 周的时间内完成,每组使用大约 10 到 12 只动物。鉴于使用甲基苯丙胺的啮齿动物的头帽和静脉导管的使用寿命有限,这非常适合测试脑深部刺激的效果。

该程序可用于研究替代电参数、不同的大脑目标和新的递送模式,以及可能导致持久行为改变的电疗法和药物的组合。

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