Name: plant water transport pathways
Uploaded: 2026-08-26T08:20:31.373Z
Duration: 2 min 6 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.7

The Apoplast and Symplast

Pflanzen nehmen Wasser
und gel&#xF6;ste Materialien
vom Boden auf und
transportieren diese Ressourcen
zu entfernten Geweben.
Die Ressourcen dringen ein und
wandern zu zwei ausgepr&#xE4;gten Abteilungen:
der Apoplast und der Symplast.
Der Apoplast ist ein durchgehendes
System extrazellul&#xE4;rer R&#xE4;ume,
wie Zellw&#xE4;nde und Luftr&#xE4;ume
zwischen den Zellen.
Wasser, Gase und Mineralien
bewegen sich frei und passiv
durch den Apoplast ohne
die Plasmamembrane zu &#xFC;berqueren.
Pflanzenzellen k&#xF6;nnen auch
&#xFC;bersch&#xFC;ssige Protonen in
den Apoplast abgeben
aufgrund von Ver&#xE4;nderungen des pH-Werts.
Zus&#xE4;tzlich k&#xF6;nnen Chemikalien, die
in den Apoplast in der Wurzel
eindringen, die Sekretion
von Molek&#xFC;len ausl&#xF6;sen,
die Giftstoffe binden und ausscheiden.
Das Zytoplasma von
Pflanzenzellen bildet
ein weiteres durchgehendes System,
das als Symplast bezeichnet wird.
Benachbarte Pflanzenzellen
sind durch Kan&#xE4;le miteinander
verbunden, die es Wasser
und kleinen Molek&#xFC;len erm&#xF6;glichen,
sich von einer Zelle zur n&#xE4;chsten zu bewegen.
Das Kontinuum von
untereinander verbundenen Pflanzenzellen
erleichtert den Transport
von Signalmolek&#xFC;len,
wie beispielsweise Hormonen.
Zum Beispiel das Hormon
Zytokinin, das sich
frei durch den
Symplast bewegt,
um die Zellproliferation zu regulieren.
Der Symplast ist auch ein
Leiter f&#xFC;r kleine RNAs,
die Verteidigungsreaktionen gegen
Pflanzenpathogene aktivieren.
Ressourcen reisen normalerweise sowohl
auf den apoplastischen als auch symplastischen
Pfaden innerhalb der Pflanze.
Zum Beispiel Mineralien, die
von den Wurzeln aufgenommen werden,
m&#xFC;ssen eine selektiv permeable
Membrane mindestens
einmal durchqueren, um
die Wurzel zu verlassen
und zu einem anderen
Pflanzengewebe zu reisen.

Martinoia, Enrico, Agnes Massonneau und Nathalie Frangne. "Transportprozesse von gelösten Stoffen durch die vakuoläre Membran höherer Pflanzen." Pflanzen- und Zellphysiologie 41, Nr. 11 (2000): 1175-1186. [<a href="https://academic.oup.com/pcp/article/41/11/1175/1861104">Quelltext</a>]

der apoplast und der symplast

Das Pflanzenwachstum h&#xE4;ngt von seiner F&#xE4;higkeit ab, Wasser und gel&#xF6;ste Mineralien aus dem Boden aufzunehmen. Das Wurzelsystem jeder Pflanze ist mit den notwendigen Geweben ausgestattet, um die Aufnahme von Wasser und gel&#xF6;sten Stoffen zu erleichtern. Die Pflanzengewebe, die am Transport des Wassers und der Mineralien beteiligt sind, haben zwei Hauptkompartimente - den Apoplast und den Symplast. Der Apoplast umfasst alles au&#xDF;erhalb der Plasmamembran von lebenden Zellen und besteht aus Zellw&#xE4;nden, extrazellul&#xE4;ren R&#xE4;umen, Xylem, Phloem und Tracheiden. Der Symplast besteht dagegen aus dem gesamten Zytosol aller lebenden Pflanzenzellen und der Plasmodesmen - das sind die zytoplasmischen Kan&#xE4;le, die die Zellen miteinander verbinden.
 
 Es gibt mehrere m&#xF6;gliche Wege f&#xFC;r Molek&#xFC;le, um sich durch das Pflanzengewebe zu bewegen: den apoplastischen, symplastischen oder transmembran Transport. Der apoplastische Transport beinhaltet die Bewegung von Wasser und gel&#xF6;sten Mineralien durch zellul&#xE4;re W&#xE4;nde und extrazellul&#xE4;re R&#xE4;ume. In dem symplastischen Transport bewegen sich das Wasser und die gel&#xF6;sten Stoffe durch das Zytosol. Auf diesem Weg m&#xFC;ssen die Materialien die Plasmamembran durchqueren, wenn sie sich von einer Zelle zu einer benachbarten Zelle bewegen, und dies geschieht durch die Plasmodesmen. Alternativ dazu bewegen sich die gel&#xF6;sten Mineralien und das Wasser in der Transmembranroute von Zelle zu Zelle, indem sie die Zellwand durchqueren, um eine Zelle zu verlassen und in die n&#xE4;chste einzutreten. Diese drei Wege schlie&#xDF;en sich nicht gegenseitig aus, und einige gel&#xF6;sten Stoffe k&#xF6;nnen mehr als eine Route in unterschiedlichem Ausma&#xDF; verwenden.
 
 Ein weiterer m&#xF6;glicher Weg ist der vakuol&#xE4;re Transport, aber dieser Weg ist meist auf den Transport der Wassermolek&#xFC;le beschr&#xE4;nkt. Hier bewegt sich Wasser durch die Vakuolen der Pflanzenzellen mit Hilfe der Osmose. Der Mechanismus &#xE4;hnelt dem symplastischen Transport, aber anstatt das der Transport auf das Zytosol beschr&#xE4;nkt ist, flie&#xDF;t das Wasser durch die Vakuolen. Dar&#xFC;ber hinaus wird der vakuol&#xE4;re Transport durch zwei Protonenpumpen - ATPase und PPase - erleichtert, die die Aufnahme der gel&#xF6;sten Stoffe erm&#xF6;glichen. Vakuolen besitzen auch spezialisierte Transportproteine - die Aquaporine -, die am Transport von Wasser und gel&#xF6;sten Stoffen, wie Glukose und Saccharose, teilnehmen.

Der Apoplast und der Symplast

Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary ...

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Education

Lehre

JoVE Core

Biology

Biologie

Plant Biology

Pflanzenbiologie

Plant Structure, Growth and Function

Pflanzenstruktur, Wachstum und Ernährung

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

KERNBEGRIFFE UND KONZEPTE

plant water transport pathways

Plant water transport pathways help roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. These pathways move materials through plant tissues that support growth and nutrient uptake. The main tissue regions involved are the apoplast and the symplast.

The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells. It contains cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The symplast is the cytosol of all living plant cells, along with the plasmodesmata that connect one cell to the next.

Water and solutes can move through plants by the apoplastic, symplastic, or transmembrane pathway. In the apoplastic pathway, materials travel along cell walls and extracellular spaces. In the symplastic route, they move through the cytosol and pass between neighboring cells through plasmodesmata.

The transmembrane pathway moves dissolved minerals and water from cell to cell by crossing the cell wall as they leave one cell and enter the next. These pathways are not mutually exclusive, and some solutes may use more than one route to different degrees. A fourth option, the vacuolar pathway, is mostly used for water movement.

In the vacuolar pathway, water moves through plant cell vacuoles by osmosis. This route works in a way that is similar to the symplastic pathway, but the water passes through vacuoles instead of staying limited to the cytosol. Vacuolar transport is supported by two proton pumps, ATPase and PPase, and by aquaporins, which are specialized transport proteins that help move water and solutes such as glucose and sucrose.

Plant Water Transport Pathways

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water and mineral acquisition

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short-distance transport of resources

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xylem and transpiration-driven transport of resources

xylem-and-transpiration-driven-transport-of-resources

How Xylem Moves Water in Plants

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the apoplast and symplast

Plant water transport pathways help roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. These pathways move materials through plant tissues that support growth and nutrient uptake. The main tissue regions involved are the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells. It contains cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The symplast is the cytosol of all living plant cells, along with the plasmodesmata that...

key terms and concepts

Learn how plants move water and minerals through the apoplast, symplast, transmembrane route, and vacuolar pathway in roots and cells.

Plant Water Transport Pathways | JoVE K12

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Plant Water Transport Pathways

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