Pro-inflammatory Cytokines
Pro-inflammatory Cytokines - Related Videos
06:29
Accurate and Simple Measurement of the Pro-inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β using a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay
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Cited by 9 •
2011
We describe a simple immunoassay to measure the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1 beta production, in patients presenting with autoinflammatory phenotypes. By activating cells in whole blood cultures with pathogen-associated molecular patterns, specifically with lipopolysaccharide, cytokine secretion can be conveniently evaluated in whole blood supernatants.
12:43
On-Chip Endothelial Inflammatory Phenotyping
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Cited by 3 •
2012
Microfluidic flow chambers etched by photolithography and fabricated from PDMS are applied to probe functional outcomes associated with EC dysfunction and inflammation. In a representative experiment, the ability of differential shear stress to modulate monocytic cell adhesion to cytokine activated EC monolayers is demonstrated.
12:58
Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line
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Cited by 2 •
2017
Described here is a method for producing exogenous cytokine in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice via weekly intraperitoneal injection of a cytokine-transduced stromal cell line. This method broadens the utility of PDX and provides the option for transient or sustained exogenous cytokine delivery in a multitude of PDX models.
09:46
Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
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2021
The protocol presented here allows the reproduction of a widespread grey matter demyelination of both cortical hemispheres in adult male Dark Agouti rats. The method comprises of intracerebral implantation of a catheter, subclinical immunization against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and intracerebral injection of a pro-inflammatory cytokine mixture through the implanted catheter.
04:08
Analyzing the Effect of Tobacco Product Preparations on Cytokine Production via Intracellular Staining and Flow Cytometry
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2025
This video demonstrates the effect of tobacco product preparations, TPPs, on cytokine production from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells using flow cytometry. Treatment of the cells with TPP downregulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is estimated after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, followed by immunostaining and flow cytometry analysis.
FAQs
Their effects begin when a cytokine binds its specific receptor on a responsive cell. This receptor engagement activates intracellular signaling, including NF-κB pathways, which changes gene expression. The resulting cellular changes can recruit or activate additional immune cells, allowing an initial response to infection, injury, or another threat to become broader and more coordinated.
Receptor specificity helps determine which cells respond to a particular cytokine and how they change their activity. Interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor therefore do not act as nonspecific signals throughout every tissue. Their receptor interactions direct distinct cellular responses, while coordinated signaling among them can amplify inflammation and shape the overall immune reaction.
Activated immune cells and tissue cells can produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, adding signals to an already developing response. These molecules stimulate receptor-dependent pathways in other responsive cells, alter gene expression, and promote further immune-cell recruitment or activation. This amplification can help coordinate defense against threats, but it also makes cytokine activity relevant to inflammatory disease mechanisms.
Measuring cytokines can help characterize inflammatory and infectious diseases by showing which signaling molecules are associated with the patient’s immune response. The results contribute to understanding disease activity and mechanisms rather than functioning as an isolated explanation for every clinical finding. In research, these measurements can also help evaluate inflammatory patterns and identify possible therapeutic targets.
Blocking cytokine activity supports treatment strategies for rheumatoid arthritis and other immune-mediated disorders. The rationale is to reduce signaling that sustains inflammatory gene-expression changes, immune-cell recruitment, or immune-cell activation. This approach focuses on a defined molecular component of the response, making cytokine pathways useful therapeutic targets when excessive or persistent inflammation contributes to disease.
Their signaling provides a framework for examining how immune responses develop during disease and how interventions alter those responses. Researchers can study cytokine measurements, receptor-mediated pathways, and the effects of blocking activity to connect molecular changes with clinical or experimental outcomes. This work also helps investigate treatment-related complications in which altered inflammatory signaling may be important.