Name: plant features that limit water loss
Uploaded: 2026-08-26T08:20:34.350Z
Duration: 2 min 35 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Virginia  Standards of Learning

HIgh School

Life Science

LS.7

LS.7.b

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

L&#x27;eau est essentielle pour les plantes : pour la photosynth&#xE8;se, le m&#xE9;tabolisme,et maintenir la structure cellulaire. 
Par cons&#xE9;quent, les pertes excessives d&#x27;eau sont probl&#xE9;matiques pour les plantes. 
Quelles sont les adaptations qui ont &#xE9;volu&#xE9;es pour permettre aux plantes de supporteret r&#xE9;sister &#xE0; la perte d&#x27;eau ?La plupart des plantes ont une cuticule cireuse quicouvre la surface de la feuille, emp&#xEA;chantl&#x27;&#xE9;vaporation de l&#x27;eau. 
La composition sp&#xE9;cifique de l&#x27;article influence son eaupar de minuscules ouvertures sur la surface, appel&#xE9;es stomates,facilite l&#x27;&#xE9;change de gaz et la transpiration. 
Pour minimiser la perte d&#x27;eau, les plantes ajustent la densit&#xE9; et l&#x27;emplacementdes stomates sur le d&#xE9;veloppement des feuilles en r&#xE9;ponse&#xE0; la disponibilit&#xE9; de l&#x27;eau et de la lumi&#xE8;re. 
Dans la plupart des arbres &#xE0; feuilles caduques, par exemple,Les stomates sont situ&#xE9;s sur la face inf&#xE9;rieure des feuilles. 
En outre, la densit&#xE9; des stomatesest plus haut sur les feuilles pr&#xE8;s du centre de l&#x27;arbreet plus bas sur les feuilles &#xE0; sa p&#xE9;riph&#xE9;rie. 
La conservation de l&#x27;eau est surtoutcritique pour les plantes vivant dans le d&#xE9;sert. 
L&#x27;arbuste d&#xE9;sertique fragilis&#xE9; pi&#xE8;ge l&#x27;eau autour de ses feuillesavec de minuscules poils de feuilles. 
Ces poils, appel&#xE9;s &#x22;trichomes&#x22;, deviennent le soleilet diminuer l&#x27;effet dess&#xE9;chant du vent. 
D&#x27;autres plantes du d&#xE9;sert, comme l&#x27;Opuntia,stocker de l&#x27;eau dans leurs tiges charnuespour se prot&#xE9;ger contre la s&#xE9;cheresse. 
De plus, les cactus ont des feuilles modifi&#xE9;es, appel&#xE9;es &#xE9;pines,qui r&#xE9;duisent l&#x27;&#xE9;vaporation et dissipent la chaleur. 
Les plantes dans les environnements arides peuvent &#xE9;galementr&#xE9;duire l&#x27;&#xE9;vaporation en ne prenant que du dioxyde de carbonela nuit. 
Pendant la journ&#xE9;e, les stomates restent ferm&#xE9;es. 
Ce processus est appel&#xE9; &#x22;m&#xE9;tabolisme des acides crassulac&#xE9;en&#x22;,ou MAC. 
Des architectures de feuilles sp&#xE9;cifiques peuvent &#xE9;galement contribuer &#xE0; r&#xE9;duire la perte d&#x27;eau. 
Les petites feuilles ou fines r&#xE9;duisent l&#x27;&#xE9;vaporation. 
Les gramin&#xE9;es acquises roul&#xE9; ou pli&#xE9;des structures foliaires qui r&#xE9;duisent de la m&#xEA;me mani&#xE8;re la surfaceet, par cons&#xE9;quent, l&#x27;&#xE9;vaporation.

Buckley, Thomas N., Grace P. John, Christine Scoffoni et Lawren Sack. « Les sites d’évaporation dans les feuilles. » Physiologie végétale 173, n° 3 (2017) : 1763-1782. [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28153921 » target="_blank">Source</a>]

Borland, et al. « Agroforesterie résiliente au climat : réponses physiologiques au changement climatique et ingénierie du métabolisme de l’acide crassulacé (CAM) en tant que stratégie d’atténuation. » Plant, Cell & Environment 38, no. 9 (2015) : 1833-1849. [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25366937 » target="_blank">Source</a>]

Yang X et al. Une feuille de route pour la recherche sur le métabolisme de l’acide crassulacée (CAM) afin d’améliorer la production durable d’aliments et de bioénergie dans un monde plus chaud et plus sec. Nouveau Phytol. août 2015 ; 207(3):491-504. [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26153373 » target="_blank">Source</a>]

Jalakas, Pirko, Ebe Merilo, Hannes Kollist et Mikael Brosché. « La régulation de la densité stomatique par l’ABA est indépendante de l’OST1. » Plant Direct 2, n° 9 (1er septembre 2018). [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/pld3.82 » target="_blank">Source</a>]

des adaptations qui réduisent la perte d'eau

Bien que l&#x2019;&#xE9;vaporation &#xE0; partir des feuilles de plantes dirige la transpiration, elle entra&#xEE;ne &#xE9;galement une perte d&#x2019;eau. &#xC9;tant donn&#xE9; que l&#x2019;eau est essentielle pour les r&#xE9;actions photosynth&#xE9;tiques et d&#x2019;autres processus cellulaires, les pressions &#xE9;volutives sur les plantes dans diff&#xE9;rents environnements ont entra&#xEE;n&#xE9; l&#x2019;acquisition d&#x2019;adaptations qui r&#xE9;duisent la perte d&#x2019;eau.
 
 Chez les plantes terrestres, la couche cellulaire la plus &#xE9;lev&#xE9;e de la feuille d&#x2019;une plante, appel&#xE9;e &#xE9;piderme, est recouverte d&#x2019;une substance cireuse appel&#xE9;e cuticule. Cette couche hydrophobe est compos&#xE9;e du polym&#xE8;re de cutine et d&#x2019;autres cires d&#x2019;origine v&#xE9;g&#xE9;tale qui sont synth&#xE9;tis&#xE9;es par des cellules &#xE9;pidermiques. Ces substances emp&#xEA;chent la perte d&#x2019;eau non d&#xE9;sir&#xE9;e et l&#x2019;entr&#xE9;e de solut&#xE9;s non d&#xE9;sir&#xE9;s. La composition et l&#x2019;&#xE9;paisseur pr&#xE9;cises de la cuticule varient selon les esp&#xE8;ces v&#xE9;g&#xE9;tales et l&#x2019;environnement. D&#x2019;autres adaptations foliaires peuvent &#xE9;galement minimiser l&#x2019;&#xE9;vaporation, principalement en r&#xE9;duisant la surface. Par exemple, certaines gramin&#xE9;es ont une structure pli&#xE9;e qui r&#xE9;duit la perte d&#x2019;eau. Alternativement, d&#x2019;autres esp&#xE8;ces d&#x2019;herbe subissent un enroulement du limbe pour se prot&#xE9;ger contre l&#x2019;&#xE9;vaporation. Certaines plantes du d&#xE9;sert ont des feuilles recouvertes de poils microscopiques qui emprisonnent la vapeur d&#x2019;eau, r&#xE9;duisant ainsi l&#x2019;&#xE9;vaporation.
 
 L&#x2019;eau s&#x2019;&#xE9;vapore principalement par de minuscules trous dans les feuilles de plantes appel&#xE9;s stomates. Les stomates de certaines plantes sont situ&#xE9;s exclusivement sur la surface inf&#xE9;rieure des feuilles, les prot&#xE9;geant de l&#x2019;&#xE9;vaporation excessive associ&#xE9;e &#xE0; la chaleur. D&#x2019;autres plantes emprisonnent la vapeur d&#x2019;eau pr&#xE8;s des stomates qui sont situ&#xE9;s dans des ponctuations sur leurs feuilles, r&#xE9;duisant ainsi la perte d&#x2019;eau par &#xE9;vaporation car les cellules de garde qui entourent l&#x2019;ouverture du stomate peuvent sentir l&#x2019;humidit&#xE9; relative. Certaines plantes du d&#xE9;sert n&#x2019;ouvrent leurs stomates que la nuit lorsque l&#x2019;&#xE9;vaporation est moins susceptible de se produire. Cette strat&#xE9;gie est appel&#xE9;e le m&#xE9;tabolisme de l&#x2019;acide crassulac&#xE9;en (CAM), et les plantes qui l&#x27;utilisent captent et fixent le dioxyde de carbone la nuit, et effectuent des r&#xE9;actions photosynth&#xE9;tiques d&#xE9;pendantes de la lumi&#xE8;re pendant la journ&#xE9;e. Certains scientifiques ont propos&#xE9; la bio-ing&#xE9;nierie des plantes pour d&#xE9;coupler la fixation du carbone de la photosynth&#xE8;se en utilisant le CAM comme un effort d&#x27;att&#xE9;nuation de l&#x27;&#xE9;vaporation associ&#xE9;e au r&#xE9;chauffement des temp&#xE9;ratures mondiales.

Des adaptations qui réduisent la perte d'eau

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and ...

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Education

Enseignement

JoVE Core

Biology

Biologie

Plant Biology

Biologie végétale

Plant Structure, Growth and Function

Structure, croissance et nutrition des plantes

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMES ET CONCEPTS CLÉS

plant features that limit water loss

Plant features that limit water loss help plants survive in dry or hot environments. Water is needed for photosynthesis and other cell processes, so plants have evolved several ways to slow evaporation from their leaves.

One major barrier is the cuticle, a waxy layer on the leaf epidermis. The epidermis is the outer cell layer, and it makes cutin and other plant waxes that form this hydrophobic coating. The cuticle helps stop water from escaping and also keeps out unwanted solutes. Its thickness and makeup vary with plant species and growing conditions.

Some plants also reduce water loss by changing leaf shape. Certain grasses have folded leaves, and others roll their leaf blades to limit evaporation. Desert plants may have microscopic hairs on their leaves that trap water vapor and slow water loss.

Most water leaves a plant through stomata, which are tiny openings in the leaf. In some plants, stomata are found only on the lower leaf surface, where they are less exposed to heat. Other plants place stomata in pits, where trapped water vapor raises humidity around the guard cells and lowers evaporation.

A few desert plants use Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, or CAM. These plants open their stomata at night, when evaporation is lower, and capture carbon dioxide then. During the day, they carry out the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Scientists have also suggested using CAM in bioengineering to help plants cope with warming global temperatures.

Plant Features That Limit Water Loss

introduction to plant diversity

Plant Adaptations for Life on Land

Plant adaptations for life on land explain how Kingdom Plantae moved from water to land about 410 million years ago. This shift happened when green algae began colonizing a new environment that had not been widely occupied. Land offered more light and carbon dioxide for growth, but it also created major challenges for early plants. One key adaptation was the cuticle, a waxy outer layer that helps prevent water loss. It traps moisture inside the plant. But it also limited direct gas exchange...

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Fern Life Cycles and Vascular Tissue

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basic plant anatomy: roots, stems, and leaves

basic-plant-anatomy-roots-stems-and-leaves

Plant Organs and Their Specialized Roles

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meristems and plant growth

Plant Growth from Root and Shoot Tips

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primary and secondary growth in roots and shoots

primary-and-secondary-growth-in-roots-and-shoots

Root and Shoot Growth: Length vs. Width

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morphogenesis

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light acquisition

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water and mineral acquisition

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short-distance transport of resources

Plant Cell Membranes and Water Balance

Plant cell membranes control how water, ions, and other solutes move over short distances. This transport can happen across just 2 to 3 cells, and it begins at the plasma membrane. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse through the membrane on their own. Ions and larger molecules need transport proteins because of their charge or size. Membrane transport also happens inside plant cells. The central vacuole stores resources and helps manage the cell’s...

xylem and transpiration-driven transport of resources

xylem-and-transpiration-driven-transport-of-resources

How Xylem Moves Water in Plants

Xylem moves water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. The cells that carry xylem sap are dead when mature, so the flow is passive. Xylem transport depends on special tracheary elements, which connect directly with the extracellular space in the apoplast. There are two main tracheary elements: tracheids and vessel elements. Tracheids are long cells with lignified walls and small pits. These pits let xylem sap move from one cell to the next where the walls overlap.

regulation of transpiration by stomata

How Guard Cells Open Plant Stomata

How guard cells open and close plant stomata controls gas exchange in leaves. A stoma is a tiny opening in the leaf epidermis. The word comes from the Greek word for “mouth.” These openings let plants take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and release oxygen into the air. Each stoma is surrounded by two guard cells. When these cells take up water, they create an opening. Ion transport controls how much water stays in the guard cells. A trigger causes pumps to move hydrogen ions out of the...

adaptations that reduce water loss

Plant features that limit water loss help plants survive in dry or hot environments. Water is needed for photosynthesis and other cell processes, so plants have evolved several ways to slow evaporation from their leaves. One major barrier is the cuticle, a waxy layer on the leaf epidermis. The epidermis is the outer cell layer, and it makes cutin and other plant waxes that form this hydrophobic coating. The cuticle helps stop water from escaping and also keeps out unwanted solutes. Its...

phloem and sugar transport

How Phloem Moves Sugars in Plants

Phloem moves sugars and other materials through plants. In angiosperms, sugar production is mostly limited to photosynthetic cells in the leaves. These leaves act as sugar sources because they make more sugar than they use. Roots, shoots, flowers, and fruits are usually sugar sinks because they need more sugar than they can make. This movement is called translocation. It carries sugar, hormones, amino acids, and some signaling molecules from source tissues to sink tissues. The transport...

the soil ecosystem

Soil Layers and How Soil Forms

Soil supplies plants with water and inorganic minerals. It is the natural medium for land plants, and its quality depends on both chemical makeup and living organisms in the soil. Healthy soil contains enough air, water, minerals, and organic matter to support plant growth. Soil is made of three major components. Inorganic mineral matter makes up about 40 to 45 percent of soil volume. Organic matter, also called humus, makes up about 5 percent. Water and air fill about 50 percent of the volume.

key elements for plant nutrition

Plant Nutrients: Macro and Micro Needs

Plants need both organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, grow, reproduce, and keep normal cell function. Researchers use hydroponics to study these essential nutrients. In hydroponic culture, plants grow without soil in water-based nutrient solutions. At least 17 nutrients are known to be essential for plants. Plants get these elements from the atmosphere, the soil around their roots, and water. Nine of them are macronutrients, which plants need in larger amounts. These macronutrients are...

the roles of bacteria and fungi in plant nutrition

the-roles-of-bacteria-and-fungi-in-plant-nutrition

How Soil Microbes Help Plants Get Nutrients

Soil microbes help plants get nutrients, water, and protection. Plants can make their own food by photosynthesis, but they still depend on organisms in the soil to get the nutrients they need to work properly. Bacteria and fungi form symbiotic relationships with plants, which helps both partners survive in many environments. The bacteria living in and around plant roots are called the rhizosphere. This community is very diverse. Some bacteria can cause disease, but most help plant health. In...

epiphytes, parasites, and carnivores

Plant Nutritional Adaptations in Nature

Plant nutritional adaptations help some species survive by using fungi, bacteria, or other plants and animals. Many plants also rely on mutualistic partners in the soil. Root-colonizing fungi, such as mycorrhizae, increase root surface area and improve nutrient absorption. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as rhizobia, convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), which plants can use to build essential molecules like chlorophyll. These relationships benefit both sides. The plant gets...

the apoplast and symplast

Plant Water Transport Pathways

Plant water transport pathways help roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. These pathways move materials through plant tissues that support growth and nutrient uptake. The main tissue regions involved are the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells. It contains cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The symplast is the cytosol of all living plant cells, along with the plasmodesmata that...

key terms and concepts

Explore leaf cuticle, stomata, leaf shape, hairs, and CAM photosynthesis adaptations that help plants reduce water loss in dry environments.

Plant Features That Limit Water Loss | JoVE K12

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Florida Department of Education

High School

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.7

Georgia Standards of Excellence

9-12

Botany

SBO1.

Transport

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Plant Features That Limit Water Loss

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