Name: plant water transport pathways
Uploaded: 2026-08-26T08:20:31.373Z
Duration: 2 min 6 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.7

The Apoplast and Symplast

Les plantes absorbent l&#x27;eau et les min&#xE9;raux dissousdu sol et transportent ces ressourcesaux tissus &#xE9;loign&#xE9;s. 
Les ressources entrent et se d&#xE9;placent dans deux compartiments distincts :l&#x27;apoplaste et le symplaste. 
L&#x27;apoplaste est un syst&#xE8;me continu d&#x27;espaces extracellulaires,comme les parois des cellules et les espaces entre les cellules. 
Eau, gaz et min&#xE9;raux se d&#xE9;placent librement et passivement&#xE0; travers l&#x27;apoplaste sans traverser les membranes plasmiques. 
Les cellules v&#xE9;g&#xE9;tales peuvent &#xE9;galement secr&#xE9;ter un exc&#xE8;s de protonsdans l&#x27;apoplaste en raison des changements de pH. 
En outre, les produits chimiques qui p&#xE9;n&#xE8;trent dans l&#x27;apoplaste par la racinepeut d&#xE9;clencher la s&#xE9;cr&#xE9;tion de mol&#xE9;culesqui lient et excr&#xE8;tent des toxines. 
Le cytoplasme des cellules v&#xE9;g&#xE9;tales formeun autre syst&#xE8;me continu, appel&#xE9; le symplast. 
Les cellules de l&#x27;organisme voisins sont connect&#xE9;espar des canaux permettant &#xE0; l&#x27;eau et aux petites mol&#xE9;cules de se d&#xE9;placerd&#x27;une cellule &#xE0; l&#x27;autre. 
Le continuum des cellules v&#xE9;g&#xE9;tales interconnect&#xE9;esfacilite le transport des mol&#xE9;cules de signal,comme les hormones. 
Par exemple, la cytokinine hormonalese d&#xE9;place librement &#xE0; travers le symplastpour r&#xE9;guler la prolif&#xE9;ration des cellules. 
Le symplast est &#xE9;galement un conduit pour les petits ARN,qui activent les r&#xE9;ponses de d&#xE9;fense contre les agents pathog&#xE8;nes des plantes. 
Les ressources voyagent g&#xE9;n&#xE9;ralement &#xE0; la fois sur les r&#xE9;seaux apoplastique et symplastiqueles voies de passage dans la plante. 
Par exemple, les min&#xE9;raux qui sont absorb&#xE9;s par les racinesdoit traverser une membrane s&#xE9;lectivement perm&#xE9;ableau moins une fois afin de quitter la racineet voyager vers d&#x27;autres tissus v&#xE9;g&#xE9;taux.

Martinoia, Enrico, Agnès Massonneau et Nathalie Frangne. « Processus de transport des solutés à travers la membrane vacuolaire des plantes supérieures. » Physiologie végétale et cellulaire 41, n° 11 (2000) : 1175-1186. [<a href="https://academic.oup.com/pcp/article/41/11/1175/1861104">Source</a>]

l'apoplasme et le symplasme

La croissance d&#x2019;une plante d&#xE9;pend de sa capacit&#xE9; &#xE0; prendre l&#x2019;eau et les min&#xE9;raux dissous du sol. Le syst&#xE8;me racinaire de chaque plante est &#xE9;quip&#xE9; des tissus n&#xE9;cessaires pour faciliter l&#x2019;entr&#xE9;e de l&#x2019;eau et des solut&#xE9;s. Les tissus v&#xE9;g&#xE9;taux impliqu&#xE9;s dans le transport de l&#x2019;eau et des min&#xE9;raux ont deux compartiments principaux : l&#x2019;apoplaste et le symplaste. L&#x2019;apoplaste comprend tout ce qui est en dehors de la membrane plasmique des cellules vivantes et se compose de parois cellulaires, d&#x2019;espaces extracellulaires, de xyl&#xE8;me, de phlo&#xE8;me et de trach&#xE9;ides. Le symplaste, en revanche, se compose de l&#x2019;ensemble du cytosol de toutes les cellules v&#xE9;g&#xE9;tales vivantes et des plasmodesmes, qui sont les canaux cytoplasmiques qui relient les cellules.
 
 Il existe plusieurs voies possibles pour que les mol&#xE9;cules se d&#xE9;placent &#xE0; travers les tissus v&#xE9;g&#xE9;taux : les voies apoplastique, symplastique ou transmembranaire. La voie apoplastique implique le mouvement de l&#x2019;eau et des min&#xE9;raux dissous le long des parois cellulaires et des espaces extracellulaires. Dans la voie symplastique, l&#x2019;eau et les solut&#xE9;s se d&#xE9;placent le long du cytosol. Une fois dans cette voie, les mat&#xE9;riaux doivent traverser la membrane plasmique lorsqu&#x2019;ils se d&#xE9;placent d&#x2019;une cellule &#xE0; la cellule voisine, et ils le font via les plasmodesmes. Alternativement, dans la voie transmembranaire, les min&#xE9;raux dissous et l&#x2019;eau se d&#xE9;placent d&#x2019;une cellule &#xE0; l&#x2019;autre en traversant la paroi cellulaire pour sortir d&#x2019;une cellule et entrer dans la suivante. Ces trois voies ne s&#x2019;excluent pas mutuellement, et certains solut&#xE9;s peuvent utiliser plus d&#x2019;une route &#xE0; des degr&#xE9;s divers.
 
 Une autre voie possible est la voie vacuolaire, mais cette voie est principalement limit&#xE9;e au mouvement des mol&#xE9;cules d&#x2019;eau. Ici, l&#x2019;eau se d&#xE9;place &#xE0; travers les vacuoles des cellules v&#xE9;g&#xE9;tales par osmose. Le m&#xE9;canisme est similaire &#xE0; la voie symplastique, mais au lieu que le transport soit limit&#xE9; au cytosol, l&#x2019;eau passe par les vacuoles. En outre, le transport vacuolaire est facilit&#xE9; par deux pompes &#xE0; protons &#x2014; l&#x2019;ATPase et la PPase &#x2014; qui dynamisent l&#x2019;absorption de solut&#xE9;. Les vacuoles comprennent &#xE9;galement des prot&#xE9;ines de transport sp&#xE9;cialis&#xE9;es &#x2014; les aquaporines &#x2014; qui participent au transport de l&#x2019;eau et des solut&#xE9;s tels que le glucose et le saccharose.

L'apoplasme et le symplasme

Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary ...

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Education

Enseignement

JoVE Core

Biology

Biologie

Plant Biology

Biologie végétale

Plant Structure, Growth and Function

Structure, croissance et nutrition des plantes

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMES ET CONCEPTS CLÉS

plant water transport pathways

Plant water transport pathways help roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. These pathways move materials through plant tissues that support growth and nutrient uptake. The main tissue regions involved are the apoplast and the symplast.

The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells. It contains cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The symplast is the cytosol of all living plant cells, along with the plasmodesmata that connect one cell to the next.

Water and solutes can move through plants by the apoplastic, symplastic, or transmembrane pathway. In the apoplastic pathway, materials travel along cell walls and extracellular spaces. In the symplastic route, they move through the cytosol and pass between neighboring cells through plasmodesmata.

The transmembrane pathway moves dissolved minerals and water from cell to cell by crossing the cell wall as they leave one cell and enter the next. These pathways are not mutually exclusive, and some solutes may use more than one route to different degrees. A fourth option, the vacuolar pathway, is mostly used for water movement.

In the vacuolar pathway, water moves through plant cell vacuoles by osmosis. This route works in a way that is similar to the symplastic pathway, but the water passes through vacuoles instead of staying limited to the cytosol. Vacuolar transport is supported by two proton pumps, ATPase and PPase, and by aquaporins, which are specialized transport proteins that help move water and solutes such as glucose and sucrose.

Plant Water Transport Pathways

introduction to plant diversity

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water and mineral acquisition

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short-distance transport of resources

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xylem and transpiration-driven transport of resources

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regulation of transpiration by stomata

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adaptations that reduce water loss

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phloem and sugar transport

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the roles of bacteria and fungi in plant nutrition

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the apoplast and symplast

Plant water transport pathways help roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. These pathways move materials through plant tissues that support growth and nutrient uptake. The main tissue regions involved are the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells. It contains cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The symplast is the cytosol of all living plant cells, along with the plasmodesmata that...

key terms and concepts

Learn how plants move water and minerals through the apoplast, symplast, transmembrane route, and vacuolar pathway in roots and cells.

Plant Water Transport Pathways | JoVE K12

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Plant Water Transport Pathways

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