Name: chemical symbols and element names
Uploaded: 2023-06-23T15:38:43.000Z
Duration: 1 min 9 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Georgia Standards of Excellence

9-12

Physical Science

SPS2.

Chemical Names and Chemical Formulas

Chemical Symbols

Les symboles chimiques sont les abréviations d’une ou deux lettres d’un élément du tableau périodique, telles que C pour carbone, H pour hydrogène, O pour oxygène ou Co pour cobalt.
La première lettre d’un symbole chimique est toujours en majuscule. Si le symbole comporte deux lettres, la deuxième lettre est écrite en minuscules pour éviter de la confondre avec une molécule diatomique écrite avec les mêmes lettres.
La plupart des symboles chimiques sont basés sur la première ou les deux premières lettres du nom anglais de l'élément, tandis que certains symboles sont dérivés de son nom latin ou grec.
Fe pour le fer vient du nom latin Ferrum, et le sodium est désigné par Na pour son nom latin Natrium. De même, Aurum est le nom latin de l’or, son symbole est donc Au.
Un symbole chimique peut inclure des informations supplémentaires sur cet élément, telles que son numéro atomique, généralement écrit en indice gauche, et son numéro de masse, généralement écrit en exposant gauche.

symboles chimiques

Un symbole chimique est une abréviation utilisée pour indiquer un élément ou un atome d'un élément. Par exemple, le symbole du mercure est Hg. Nous utilisons le même symbole pour indiquer un atome de mercure (domaine microscopique) ou pour étiqueter un récipient contenant de nombreux atomes de l'élément mercure (domaine macroscopique). Certains symboles sont dérivés du nom commun de l'élément ; d'autres sont des abréviations du nom dans une autre langue. La plupart des symboles ont une ou deux lettres, mais des symboles de trois lettres ont été utilisés pour décrire certains éléments ayant des numéros atomiques supérieurs à 112. Pour éviter toute confusion avec d'autres notations, seule la première lettre d'un symbole est en majuscule. Par exemple, Co est le symbole de l'élément cobalt, mais CO est la notation pour le composé monoxyde de carbone, qui contient des atomes des éléments carbone (C) et oxygène (O). Traditionnellement, le découvreur (ou les découvreurs) d'un nouvel élément lui donne un nom. Cependant, tant que le nom n'est pas reconnu par l'Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée (UICPA), le nom recommandé du nouvel élément est basé sur le(s) mot(s) latin(s) pour son numéro atomique. Par exemple, l'élément 106 était appelé unnilhexium (Unh), l'élément 107 était appelé unnilseptium (Uns), et l'élément 108 était appelé unniloctium (Uno) pendant plusieurs années. Ces éléments sont maintenant nommés d'après des scientifiques (ou occasionnellement des lieux) ; par exemple, l'élément 106 est maintenant connu sous le nom de seaborgium (Sg) en l'honneur de Glenn Seaborg, lauréat du prix Nobel qui a été actif dans la découverte de plusieurs éléments lourds. L'élément 109, Meitnerium, a été nommé en l'honneur de Lise Meitner, qui a découvert la fission nucléaire, un phénomène qui aurait des conséquences mondiales majeures. Ce texte est adapté de <a href="https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/2-3-atomic-structure-and-symbolism">Openstax, Chemistry 2e, Section 2.3: Atomic Structure and Symbolism</a>

Symboles chimiques

Un symbole chimique est une abréviation utilisée pour indiquer un élément ou un atome d’un élément. Par exemple, le symbole du mercure est Hg. Nous utilisons le ...

Education

Enseignement

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomie et physiologie

Unit 1

Unité 1

Fundamentals of Chemistry

Les fondamentaux de la chimie

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

TERMES ET CONCEPTS CLÉS

chemical symbols and element names

Chemical symbols are short abbreviations that stand for an element or a single atom of that element. Mercury, for example, has the symbol Hg. The same symbol can point to one atom of mercury in the microscopic domain or to a sample labeled as many atoms of mercury in the macroscopic domain.

Many symbols come from the element’s common name. Others are shortened from a name in another language. Most chemical symbols use one or two letters. For a few elements with atomic numbers above 112, three-letter symbols have also been used.

Capitalization matters in chemical notation. Only the first letter of a symbol is capitalized, which helps avoid confusion with other symbols. Co means cobalt, but CO means carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide contains carbon, written as C, and oxygen, written as O.

New elements are traditionally named by the discoverer or discoverers. Before the name is accepted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, or IUPAC, the temporary name is based on Latin words for the element’s atomic number. Element 106 was called unnilhexium (Unh), element 107 was unnilseptium (Uns), and element 108 was unniloctium (Uno) for several years.

Many newly named elements now honor scientists or sometimes places. Element 106 is now seaborgium (Sg), named for Glenn Seaborg, a Nobel Prize winner who helped discover several heavy elements. Element 109 is meitnerium, named for Lise Meitner, whose work on nuclear fission had world-changing impacts.

Chemical Symbols and Element Names

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Chemical Symbols and Element Names

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