Name: chemical symbols and element names
Uploaded: 2023-06-23T15:38:43.000Z
Duration: 1 min 9 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Georgia Standards of Excellence

9-12

Physical Science

SPS2.

Chemical Names and Chemical Formulas

Chemical Symbols

סמלים כימיים הם קיצורים בני אות אחת או שתיים עבור יסוד בטבלה המחזורית, כגון C עבור פחמן, H עבור מימן, O עבור חמצן או Co עבור קובלט.
האות הראשונה של סמל כימי היא תמיד באותיות רישיות. אם לסמל יש שתי אותיות, האות השנייה נכתבת באותיות קטנות כדי לא לטעות ולחשוב שמדובר במולקולה דיאטומית הכתובה באמצעות אותן אותיות.
רוב הסמלים הכימיים מבוססים על האות הראשונה או שתי האותיות הראשונות של שמו האנגלי של היסוד, בעוד שסמלים מסוימים נגזרים משמם הלטיני או היווני.
Fe לברזל מגיע מהשם הלטיני Ferrum, ונתרן מסומן כ-Na בשמו הלטיני Natrium. כמו כן, Aurum הוא השם הלטיני לזהב, ולכן הסמל שלה הוא Au.
סמל כימי יכול לכלול מידע נוסף על יסוד זה, כגון המספר האטומי שלו, הכתוב בדרך כלל ככתב תחתי שמאלי, ומספר המסה שלו, הכתוב בדרך כלל ככתב עילי שמאלי.

סמלים כימיים

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סמל כימי הוא קיצור המשמש לציון יסוד או אטום של יסוד. לדוגמה, הסמל של כספית הוא Hg. אנו משתמשים באותו סמל כדי לציין אטום אחד של כספית (תחום מיקרוסקופי) או כדי לתייג מיכל של אטומים רבים של היסוד כספית (תחום מקרוסקופי).

כמה סמלים נגזרים מהשם הנפוץ של האלמנט; אחרים הם קיצורים של השם בשפה אחרת. לרוב הסמלים יש אות אחת או שתיים, אך נעשה שימוש בסמלים בני שלוש אותיות כדי לתאר כמה יסודות בעלי מספרים אטומיים גדולים מ-112. כדי למנוע בלבול עם סימונים אחרים, רק האות הראשונה של סמל מסומנת באותיות גדולות. לדוגמה, Co הוא הסמל ליסוד קובלט, אך CO הוא הסימון לתרכובת פחמן חד חמצני, המכילה אטומים של היסודות פחמן (C) וחמצן (O).

באופן מסורתי, המגלה (או המגלה) של אלמנט חדש נותן שם לאלמנט. עם זאת, עד שהשם יוכר על ידי האיגוד הבינלאומי לכימיה טהורה ויישומית (IUPAC), השם המומלץ של היסוד החדש מבוסס על המילים הלטיניות למספר האטומי שלו. לדוגמה, יסוד 106 נקרא unnilhexium (Unh), יסוד 107 נקרא unnilseptium (Uns), ויסוד 108 נקרא unniloctium (Uno) במשך מספר שנים. אלמנטים אלה נקראים כעת על שם מדענים (או מדי פעם מיקומים); לדוגמה, יסוד 106 ידוע כעת כסיבורגיום (Sg) לכבוד גלן סיבורג, זוכה פרס נובל שהיה פעיל בגילוי מספר יסודות כבדים. אלמנט 109, מיטנריום, נקרא לכבודה של ליז מייטנר, שגילתה את הביקוע הגרעיני, תופעה שתהיה לה השפעות משנות עולם.

טקסט זה מותאם מ <a href="https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/2-3-atomic-structure-and-symbolism">Openstax, Chemistry 2e, Section 2.3: Atomic Structure and Symbolism</a>
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סמל כימי הוא קיצור המשמש לציון יסוד או אטום של יסוד. לדוגמה, הסמל של כספית הוא Hg. אנו משתמשים ...

Education

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

אנטומיה ופיזיולוגיה

Unit 1

יחידה 1

Fundamentals of Chemistry

יסודות הכימיה

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

מונחים ומושגים מרכזיים

chemical symbols and element names

Chemical symbols are short abbreviations that stand for an element or a single atom of that element. Mercury, for example, has the symbol Hg. The same symbol can point to one atom of mercury in the microscopic domain or to a sample labeled as many atoms of mercury in the macroscopic domain.

Many symbols come from the element’s common name. Others are shortened from a name in another language. Most chemical symbols use one or two letters. For a few elements with atomic numbers above 112, three-letter symbols have also been used.

Capitalization matters in chemical notation. Only the first letter of a symbol is capitalized, which helps avoid confusion with other symbols. Co means cobalt, but CO means carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide contains carbon, written as C, and oxygen, written as O.

New elements are traditionally named by the discoverer or discoverers. Before the name is accepted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, or IUPAC, the temporary name is based on Latin words for the element’s atomic number. Element 106 was called unnilhexium (Unh), element 107 was unnilseptium (Uns), and element 108 was unniloctium (Uno) for several years.

Many newly named elements now honor scientists or sometimes places. Element 106 is now seaborgium (Sg), named for Glenn Seaborg, a Nobel Prize winner who helped discover several heavy elements. Element 109 is meitnerium, named for Lise Meitner, whose work on nuclear fission had world-changing impacts.

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chemical symbols

Chemical symbols are short abbreviations that stand for an element or a single atom of that element. Mercury, for example, has the symbol Hg. The same symbol can point to one atom of mercury in the microscopic domain or to a sample labeled as many atoms of mercury in the macroscopic domain. Many symbols come from the element’s common name. Others are shortened from a name in another language. Most chemical symbols use one or two letters. For a few elements with atomic numbers above 112,...

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Chemical Symbols and Element Names

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