Skeletal Defects
Skeletal Defects - Related Videos
08:01
Analysis of Skeletal Muscle Defects in Larval Zebrafish by Birefringence and Touch-evoke Escape Response Assays
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Cited by 93 •
2013
The zebrafish is now an established and powerful tool for modeling muscular dystrophies, congenital myopathies, and related neuromuscular diseases. Birefringence and touch-evoked escape behavior are two common noninvasive assays used to determine the degree of muscular disorganization and locomotive impairment of zebrafish embryos during early development.
11:31
Repair of a Critical-sized Calvarial Defect Model Using Adipose-derived Stromal Cells Harvested from Lipoaspirate
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Cited by 21 •
2012
This protocol describes the isolation of adipose-derived stromal cells from lipoaspirate and the creation of a 4 mm critical-sized calvarial defect to evaluate skeletal regeneration.
09:45
Mitochondrial Isolation from Skeletal Muscle
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Cited by 48 •
2011
This protocol describes a procedure to study the respiration of mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscles. This method was adapted from Scorrano et al. (2007). The mitochondrial isolation procedure requires about 2 hours. The mitochondrial respiration can be completed in about 1 hour.
14:36
Adult and Embryonic Skeletal Muscle Microexplant Culture and Isolation of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells
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Cited by 6 •
2010
The micro-dissected explants technique is a robust and reliable method for isolating proliferative skeletal muscle cells from juvenile, adult or embryonic muscles as a source of skeletal muscle stem cells. Uniquely, these cells have been clonally derived to produce skeletal muscle stem cell lines used for in vivo transplantation.
05:23
Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect
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2026
Here, we present an integrated protocol for generating controlled osteochondral lesions in sheep knees to establish an experimental model suitable for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration studies. The protocol outlines a method for inducing a full-thickness osteochondral defect in the femoral condyle, utilizing techniques that minimize animal welfare impacts and variability in results.
FAQs
Skeletal development depends on coordinated signaling between cells that controls limb patterning, cartilage formation, osteoblast differentiation, and bone remodeling. If genetic changes or altered developmental conditions interfere with these signals, the affected tissue may form, grow, or mature abnormally. Examining which developmental process is disturbed helps researchers connect a physical skeletal feature with its underlying biological mechanism.
Limb patterning establishes the organization of developing skeletal structures, while cartilage formation provides an essential stage in the development of many skeletal tissues. Abnormalities in either process can alter later growth and structure. Comparing these developmental events with the resulting anatomy allows investigators to determine whether a defect emerged from early patterning, tissue formation, or subsequent maturation.
Osteoblast differentiation produces cells specialized for developing bone, and remodeling changes the structure of bone as development proceeds. Disturbance at either stage can affect the final organization or growth of skeletal tissue, even when earlier patterning appears normal. Studying these processes helps distinguish defects in cell specialization from abnormalities that arise during later structural refinement.
Researchers combine experimental models with imaging and tissue analysis to examine skeletal development at different levels. Models reveal how developmental changes affect formation, growth, and structure, imaging documents anatomical outcomes, and tissue analysis evaluates the affected skeletal tissues. Used together, these approaches connect cellular or molecular disturbances with observable developmental abnormalities.
Imaging can reveal the physical distribution and structural pattern of an abnormality, whereas tissue analysis can show which skeletal tissues are affected. Interpreting both types of evidence helps determine whether the observed outcome involves bone, cartilage, or related tissues and whether the change reflects disrupted formation, growth, or remodeling during development.
These abnormalities provide measurable outcomes for linking developmental pathways to physical anatomy and disease. In research, experimental models can help clarify how disrupted development produces congenital skeletal conditions, while imaging and tissue analysis support investigation of those changes. The resulting knowledge can inform diagnosis and contribute to approaches for skeletal repair and regenerative medicine.