King Closer
King Closer - Related Videos
03:51
Establishing Bacterial–Fungal Cross-Kingdom Biofilms for Studying Oral Pathogenesis
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2026
Source: Schlafer, S, and Frost Kristensen, M. Monitoring Extracellular pH in Cross-Kingdom Biofilms using Confocal Microscopy. J. Vis. Exp. (2020)This video demonstrates the cultivation of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans cross-kingdom biofilms under oral-like conditions to model bacterial–fungal interactions, enabling the study of microbial synergy, glucan-mediated adhesion, and acidogenic virulence in oral pathogenesis.
10:26
Monitoring Extracellular pH in Cross-Kingdom Biofilms using Confocal Microscopy
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Cited by 2 •
2020
The protocol describes the cultivation of cross-kingdom biofilms consisting of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans and presents a confocal microscopy-based method for the monitoring of extracellular pH inside these biofilms.
07:56
Bacterial Delivery of RNAi Effectors: Transkingdom RNAi
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Cited by 18 •
2010
For development of RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapies, a novel strategy was developed, transkingdom RNAi (tkRNAi). This technology uses non-pathogenic bacteria to produce and deliver therapeutic short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into target cells. Here, tkRNAi was successfully applied for reversal of classical ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells.
13:59
Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos
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Cited by 1 •
2012
The kinetochore is where the SAC initiates its signal monitoring the mitotic segregation of the sister chromatids. A method is described to visualize the recruitment and turnover of one of the kinetochore proteins and its coordination with the chromosome motion in Drosophila embryos using a Leica laser scanning confocal system.
03:05
Animal Behavior - Concepts
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2019
Drosophila as a Model Organism The common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a widely used model organism in biology, though it may be more commonly recognized as a fruit-loving pest. There are multiple reasons that make D. melanogaster an excellent experimental organism: their roughly two-week generation time allows studying multiple generations, they are easily maintained in very small tubes, and their sexual dimorphism enables investigators to easily distinguish between males that have...
FAQs
The diagonal cut creates a controlled change in width rather than an irregular gap at the wall end. The half-width end and full-width end let the unit fit beside the quoin while preserving the intended course arrangement. This geometry helps maintain a regular bond, so corner construction remains orderly and accurately aligned.
At a corner, the quoin establishes the visible edge of the wall, while the closer occupies the adjacent space in the course. Its tapered profile allows neighboring bricks to meet that edge without an abrupt mismatch in width. The result is a corner with more consistent dimensions and better continuity between successive courses.
Staggering vertical joints prevents a continuous seam from extending through the brickwork. Placing closers near wall ends shifts the joint pattern at the corner, allowing successive courses to interlock more effectively. This arrangement supports the stability of the assembled wall by connecting courses rather than allowing aligned joints to weaken the bond.
The cut must preserve the intended relationship between the narrower and wider ends. If that proportion changes, the piece may not fit correctly beside the quoin or maintain the planned course alignment. Accurate shaping therefore contributes directly to consistent corner dimensions, a regular bond, and the orderly appearance of the completed masonry.
A basic workflow begins with a standard brick cut diagonally to create the required tapered form. The prepared piece is positioned near the wall end beside a quoin header or stretcher. Courses are then arranged so vertical joints remain staggered, helping preserve the corner dimensions and interlocking pattern required for stable brickwork.
The closer is placed beside either a quoin header or a quoin stretcher, depending on the arrangement of the course. Its changing width fills the transition between the wall end and the adjacent brickwork. Using these components together helps maintain a regular bond while keeping the corner accurately aligned across successive courses.
This technique applies to both load-bearing walls and partition construction where stable, accurately aligned corners are required. In load-bearing work, the interlocked course arrangement supports stable wall construction; in partitions, it helps maintain consistent corner geometry. The same principle is useful wherever regular bonding and controlled wall-end dimensions are important.