Name: how atoms bond to reach stability
Uploaded: 2023-06-23T15:38:43.000Z
Duration: 1 min 1 s
Channel: JoVE

화학 결합은 분자 또는 화합물의 원자를 함께 유지합니다. 결합은 원자의 원자가 껍질에 있는 전자가 기증되거나 다른 원자와 공유될 때 형성됩니다.
예를 들어, 이온 결합은 원자가 전자를 기증하거나 받아들여 원자가 껍질을 채울 때 형성됩니다. 전자를 기증하고 양전하를 띠게 되는 원자는 양이온이고, 전자를 받아들여 음전하를 띠게 되는 원자는 음이온입니다.
식탁용 소금에서 나트륨 양이온과 염화물 음이온 사이의 결합은 이온 결합입니다.
공유 결합은 하나 이상의 원자가 전자 쌍을 서로 공유하는 원자 사이에 형성됩니다.
예를 들어, 두 개의 수소 원자가 한 쌍의 전자를 공유하여 단일 공유 결합을 형성할 수 있습니다. 산소와 질소는 2개 및 3개의 전자쌍을 공유하여 이중 및 삼중 결합을 형성할 수 있습니다.

화학결합 소개

Introduction to Chemical Bonds

화학 결합 가장 바깥쪽 에너지 준위의 전자는 원자의 에너지 안정성과 다른 원자와 화학 결합을 형성하는 경향을 결정합니다. 가장 안쪽 전자 껍질은 최대 2개의 전자를 가질 수 있지만, 다음 두 전자 껍질은 각각 최대 8개의 전자를 가질 수 있습니다. 이것은 옥텟 규칙으로 알려져 있으며, 가장 안쪽 껍질을 제외하고 원자는 가장 바깥쪽 전자 껍질인 원자가 껍질에 8개의 전자가 있을 때 에너지적으로 가장 안정적입니다. 그러나 모든 원소가 가장 바깥쪽 껍질을 채울 만큼 충분한 전자를 갖고 있는 것은 아니기 때문에 원자는 다른 원자와 화학 결합을 형성하여 안정적인 전자 구성을 얻는 데 필요한 전자를 얻습니다. 따라서 화학 결합은 원자를 분자나 화합물로 결합시키는 힘입니다. 이온 결합 원자는 원자가 껍질을 채우기 위해 전자를 얻거나 잃을 수 있습니다. 그렇게 함으로써 그들은 전기를 띠게 되고, 이를 이온이라고 부릅니다. 양이온은 전자를 잃는 양전하를 띤 원자이고, 전자를 얻고 음전하를 띠는 원자는 음이온입니다. 양이온과 음이온의 반대 전하는 이온 결합을 형성하면서 원자를 근접하게 유지하는 적당히 강한 상호 인력을 발휘합니다. 이온 결합은 반대 전하를 띤 이온 사이의 지속적이고 긴밀한 결합입니다. 일반 식용 소금은 이온 결합으로 인해 존재합니다. 공유결합 옥텟 규칙을 충족할 수 있는 또 다른 방법은 원자 간에 전자를 공유하여, 공유 결합을 형성하는 것입니다. 이러한 결합은 살아있는 유기체 분자의 이온 결합보다 더 강하고, 훨씬 더 흔합니다. 공유 결합은 DNA나 단백질과 같은 탄소 기반 유기 분자에서 흔히 발견됩니다. 공유 결합은 물, 이산화탄소, 산소와 같은 무기 분자에서도 발견됩니다. 수소 결합 수소 결합은 이미 하나의 전기 음성 원자(예: 물 분자의 산소)에 결합된 약양성 수소 원자가 다른 분자의 다른 전기 음성 원자에 끌릴 때 형성됩니다. 자연계에서 가장 흔한 수소 결합의 예는 물 분자 사이에서 발생합니다. 두 개의 빗방울이 더 큰 구슬로 합쳐지거나, 개울이 강으로 흘러 들어갈 때마다 발생합니다. 수소 결합은 한 물 분자의 약음성 산소 원자가 다른 두 물 분자의 약음성 수소 원자에 끌리기 때문에 발생합니다.

このテキストは、 <a href="https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/2-2-chemical-bonds?query=chemical%20bond&target=%7B%22type%22%3A%22search%22%2C%22index%22%3A0%7D#fs-id1493624">Openstax, Anatomy and Physiology 2e, Section 2.2: Chemical Bonds.</a> <a href="https://openstax.org/books/biology-ap-courses/pages/2-1-atoms-isotopes-ions-and-molecules-the-building-blocks?query=chemical%20bonds">Openstax, </a><a href="https://openstax.org/books/biology-ap-courses/pages/2-1-atoms-isotopes-ions-and-molecules-the-building-blocks?query=chemical%20bonds">Biology for AP® Courses</a><a href="https://openstax.org/books/biology-ap-courses/pages/2-1-atoms-isotopes-ions-and-molecules-the-building-blocks?query=chemical%20bonds"> Section </a><a href="https://openstax.org/books/biology-ap-courses/pages/2-1-atoms-isotopes-ions-and-molecules-the-building-blocks?query=chemical%20bonds">2.1 Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks.</a>

화학 결합
가장 바깥쪽 에너지 준위의 전자는 원자의 에너지 안정성과 원자가 화학 결합을 형성하는 경향을 결정합니다.

Education

교육

JoVE Core

Anatomy and Physiology

해부학 및 생리학

Unit 1

제1단원

Fundamentals of Chemistry

화학의 기초

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

주요 용어 및 개념

how atoms bond to reach stability

Atoms bond to become more stable, and their outermost electrons play the biggest role in that process. The inner electron shell can hold two electrons. The next two shells can each hold eight electrons. This is called the octet rule. It states that, except for the innermost shell, atoms are most stable when their valence shell, or outer shell, has eight electrons.

When atoms do not have enough electrons to fill that outer shell, they form chemical bonds with other atoms. A chemical bond is the force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound. These bonds let atoms reach a more stable electron arrangement.

One common type is an ionic bond. In this case, atoms gain or lose electrons to fill their valence shell. When they do this, they become ions. A cation is a positively charged ion that has lost electrons. An anion is a negatively charged ion that has gained electrons. The opposite charges attract each other and keep the ions close together. This close association forms an ionic bond. Table salt is a common example of a substance made through ionic bonding.

Another way atoms satisfy the octet rule is by sharing electrons. This creates covalent bonds. Covalent bonds are stronger and much more common than ionic bonds in the molecules of living organisms. They are found in carbon-based organic molecules such as DNA and proteins. They also occur in inorganic molecules like water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen.

Hydrogen bonds are a weaker kind of attraction. They form when a weakly positive hydrogen atom, already bonded to another electronegative atom such as oxygen, is attracted to a different electronegative atom in another molecule. Water is the most common example. Hydrogen bonding helps explain why raindrops can merge into larger beads and why a creek can flow into a river.

How Atoms Bond to Reach Stability

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Organismal Elements in the Periodic Table

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From Atomos to the Modern Atom

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chemical symbols

Chemical Symbols and Element Names

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Atomic Mass and Mole Calculations

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introduction to chemical bonds

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ionic bonds

Ionic Bonds and Charge Transfer

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covalent bonds

Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

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hydrogen bonds

Hydrogen Bonding and DNA Stability

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Atomic Charges, Bonds, and Compounds

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key terms and concepts

Learn how atoms use ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds to reach stability. Explore valence electrons, ions, and examples like salt and water.

How Atoms Bond to Reach Stability | JoVE K12

anatomy and physiology

JoVE Core Anatomy and Physiology showcases the anatomical and physiological details of the human body in comprehensive, clear, and engaging video animations. This collection of lessons focuses on the structures, components, functions, and requirements of the human body. It is complemented by scientist-in-action videos that demonstrate the application of this knowledge in real-world medical and research settings.

How Atoms Bond to Reach Stability

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