Chapter 17
Anatomy of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System
The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The…
There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral…
The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with…
Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters…
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and…
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret…
The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast…
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals…
The hypothalamus is a small yet highly complex and essential brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions.…
The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal…
The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a…
The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several…
The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of…
The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within…
The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain…
The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the…
The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS).…
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to…
The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are…
Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs…
Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs…
Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These…
Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body…
The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region.…
The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal…
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and…
Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
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In a constantly aging population, the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is expected to rise. Understanding disease mechanisms is the key to…
The brain is the command center for the mammalian nervous system and an organ with enormous structural complexity. Protected within the skull, the…
The use of primary cell cultures has become one of the major tools to study the nervous system in vitro. The ultimate goal of using this simplified…
