一个算法的开发与高位脊髓损伤使用遥测装置进行自主神经异常反射的动物的综合研究
Summary
The catheter of a telemetry device is implanted into the abdominal aorta in order to continuously collect beat-by-beat hemodynamic data from animals pre and post-high thoracic spinal cord transection. A novel JAVA software was employed to analyze hemodynamic parameters as well as frequency and intensity of spontaneous episodes of autonomic dysreflexia.
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating neurological condition characterized by somatic and autonomic dysfunctions. In particular, SCI above the mid-thoracic level can lead to a potentially life-threatening hypertensive condition called autonomic dysreflexia (AD) that is often triggered by noxious or non-noxious somatic or visceral stimuli below the level of injury. One of the most common triggers of AD is the distension of pelvic viscera, such as during bladder and bowel distension or evacuation. This protocol presents a novel pattern recognition algorithm developed for a JAVA platform software to study the fluctuations of cardiovascular parameters as well as the number, severity and duration of spontaneously occurring AD events. The software is able to apply a pattern recognition algorithm on hemodynamic data such as systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) extracted from telemetry recordings of conscious and unrestrained animals before and after thoracic (T3) complete transection. With this software, hemodynamic parameters and episodes of AD are able to be detected and analyzed with minimal experimenter bias.
Introduction
自主神经异常反射（AD）是在颈部或高胸节急性或慢性脊髓损伤（SCI）后的个体威胁生命的紧急情况和通常的特征在于持续性高血压和心动过缓1情节。 AD主要是由脊髓下行通道，通常要控制交感神经活性和血管张力1-4脊髓交感神经节前神经元提供了从脊髓上输入中心的破坏引起的。高达300毫米汞柱的AD发作的特征在于收缩压（SBP）尖峰并且如果不治疗会导致癫痫发作，颅内出血，心肌梗塞，甚至死亡5-8。各种有害和非伤害性刺激的作为AD的触发，包括肠和膀胱膨胀，痉挛，压疮，膀胱导尿或医源性程序9-12。
AD的RESP的时间发展ONSE以SCI已经在人类9和动物模型13,14了研究。通常这些研究已经使用了“诱导AD”的方法（ 即尿流动力学，在人类或动物的结直肠扩张阴茎vibrostimulations）确定AD的时间发展。这种方法由于需要在分离的时间点重复评估可能排除AD的时间发展的一个精确确定的限制。在人类中使用的24小时的血压监测器在预定的时间间隔进行串行血压测量。这种技术最近已用于监测慢性SCI自发产生的AD。在动物模型中，固态压力传感器正在越来越多地用于长期监控打逐击败动脉血压。近日，Rabchesvky 等 。 （2012），开发出了提取平均动脉压的二分之一的平均值的算法（MAP）的一个对一个移动平均阈值15相比Ð。基于MAP的峰是10毫米汞柱或更大的阈值以上的同时用10 BPM或更大的HR一滴自发公元事件进行了表征。
在这里，有一个建于公元检测算法一种新型的JAVA软件呈现。这个算法通过检测动脉血压（ABP）和心脏速率（HR），该指示一个自然发生的AD事件的预先确定的图案。用户能够手动调整所有输入变量的软件，使得'检测算法“可以容易地定制，以所关注的具体参数。该软件还能够二分法ABP和HR成一个给定的时期，使得血流动力学参数的昼夜节律可以分析16。在本手稿，详细说明中给出，用于植入遥测设备和进行SCI手术手术技术。前还提供了相对于所述的AD检测软件的后处理能力和功能如何心血管amples被改变后的SCI。为了比较的目的，从被称为结直肠扩张诱导的AD的方法得到的方法和结果（CRD）也示出。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
该协议描述了详细的实施这将与一个遥测装置相结合，在SCI-动物（ 图1B）ABP的长期深入分析的新的JAVA平台的AD检测软件。这是第一个软件，它允许为ABP图案表征，因为它们偶尔发生在一天的持续时间，以检测自发广告事件。充分表征T3 SCI动物模型可以说明检测自发AD的频率，升压反应和持续的软件功能的能力。随着检测自发广告事件，该软件可以分析ABP振荡和辨别血流动力学参数的?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
这项研究如果资助的健康研究的加拿大研究所和心脏及中风BC和育空地区的基础。我们要感谢Rayshad Gopaul先生和谢利McErlane博士在动物保健技术支持和专业知识。
Materials
| 11 Male Wistar Rats -Hsd-WI (250-300g) | Envigo (formerly Harlan Laboratories) | 141 | |
| Lab Chart (PowerLab® Data Acquisition System) | AD Instruments | ||
| Pressure Telemeter | Millar Inc. | RP-TRM54P | |
| Configurator | Millar Inc. | TR190 | |
| SmartPad | Millar Inc. | TR180 | |
| Isoflurane (Aerrane) | Baxter Corp. | DIN: 02225875 | |
| Enrofloxacin (Baytril) | Bayer Healthcare | DIN: 02169428 | |
| 5-0 Silk Sutures | Ethicon | S182 | |
| 4-0 Vicryl Subcuticular | Ethicon | J496G | |
| Buprenorphine (Temgesic) | Reckitt Benckiser | DIN: 0281250 | |
| Bupivicaine Hydrochloride (Marcaine 0.5%) | Hospira Healthcare Corp. | DIN: 02305909 | |
| Ketoprofen (Anafen) | Merial | DIN: 02150999 | |
| Ketamine Hydrochloride (Vetalar) | Bioniche | DIN: 01989529 | |
| Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride (Domitor) | Pfizer | DIN: 02333929 | |
| Lactated Ringer's Solution | Braun Medical Inc. | DIN: 01931636 | |
| Gelfoam #12 | Pharmacia & Upjohn Company | 03603-14-1 | |
| Microscissors | Fine Science Tools | 15003-008 | |
| Iris Spatulae | Fine Science Tools | 10094-13 | |
| 10 French 35cm Foley Catheter | Coloplast | AA6110 | |
| Dietgel® | Clear H2O, Westbrook, ME | 76A | |
| LabDiet Rodent Diet 5001 | Purina Mills (PMI®) | 5001 | |
| Chlorhexadine (Hibitane) | Wyeth Animal Health, Guelph, Ontario | DIN 00245097 | |
| Atipamezole Hydrochloride(Antisedan) | Orion Pharma | DIN: 02237744 |
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