In Vivo Method
In Vivo Method - Related Videos
07:47
A Novel Ex vivo Culture Method for the Embryonic Mouse Heart
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Cited by 12 •
2013
Developmental studies in the mouse are hampered by the inaccessibility of the embryo during gestation. To promote the long-term culture of the embryonic heart at late stages of gestation, we developed a protocol in which the excised heart is cultured in a semi-solid, dilute Matrigel.
09:16
Simultaneous ex vivo Functional Testing of Two Retinas by in vivo Electroretinogram System
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Cited by 36 •
2015
Ex vivo ERG can be used to record electrical activity of retinal cells directly from isolated intact retinas of animals or humans. We demonstrate here how common in vivo ERG systems can be adapted for ex vivo ERG recordings in order to dissect the electrical activity of retinal cells.
13:44
A Method for High Fidelity Optogenetic Control of Individual Pyramidal Neurons In vivo
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Cited by 2 •
2013
The recent development of neuroscience tools that combine genetics and optics, termed "optogenetics", enables control over neural circuit activity with an unprecedented level of spatial and temporal resolution. Here we provide a protocol for integrating in vivo recording with optogenetic manipulation of genetically-defined subsets of prefrontal cortical and subicular pyramidal neurons.
06:54
An Ex Vivo Method for Time-Lapse Imaging of Cultured Rat Mesenteric Microvascular Networks
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Cited by 18 •
2017
Angiogenesis involves multi-cell, multi-system interactions that need to be investigated in a physiologically relevant environment. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the ability of the rat mesentery culture model to make time-lapse comparisons of intact microvascular networks during angiogenesis.
10:05
In vivo 19F MRI for Cell Tracking
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Cited by 21 •
2013
We describe a general protocol for in vivo cell tracking using MRI in a mouse model with ex vivo labeled cells. A typical protocol for cell labeling, image acquisition processing and quantification is included.
FAQs
In vivo methods preserve interactions among cells, tissues, organs, and the immune system that isolated cell cultures do not reproduce. These interactions can alter how a treatment reaches a tumor, is metabolized, or affects the host. Comparing responses across systems helps investigators distinguish effects that depend on the tumor from effects shaped by the surrounding organism.
A treatment’s effects depend not only on its direct action against tumor cells but also on how it distributes through the organism and undergoes metabolism. These processes can influence the amount of treatment reaching relevant tissues and thereby change therapeutic effects. In vivo assessment captures this context, supporting more realistic interpretation than tumor-cell responses alone.
In vivo studies can examine tumor growth, survival, toxicity, and molecular responses over time within the same biological context. Considering these outcomes together helps investigators relate a visible treatment effect to broader responses in the tumor and host. This combined view can clarify whether an intervention produces useful activity, harmful effects, or both.
A study may begin by establishing or studying tumors in an animal model, followed by administration of a candidate treatment. Investigators then monitor selected outcomes over time, such as tumor growth, survival, toxicity, or molecular responses. The resulting measurements provide a time-dependent view of treatment behavior rather than a single observation from an isolated system.
Commonly monitored outcomes include changes in tumor growth, survival, toxicity, and molecular responses. Tracking several measures is important because a treatment might reduce tumor growth while also producing toxicity, or generate molecular changes without an immediately apparent effect on tumor size. Together, these observations provide a broader basis for evaluating the intervention.
Results from in vivo methods can guide dose selection and clarify how an intervention produces its effects in a living system. Investigators can then judge whether the observed balance of tumor response, survival, toxicity, and molecular activity supports additional evaluation. In this way, the findings help determine whether an intervention warrants further preclinical or clinical study.