Oxidative Metabolism
Oxidative Metabolism - Related Videos
10:19
An Introduction to Cell Metabolism
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2023
In cells, critical molecules are either built by joining together individual units like amino acids or nucleotides, or broken down into smaller components. Respectively, the reactions responsible for this are referred to as anabolic and catabolic. These reactions require or produce energy typically in the form of a “high-energy” molecule called ATP. Together, these processes make up “Cell Metabolism,” and are hallmarks of healthy, living cells.JoVE’s introduction to cell metabolism briefly...
03:14
Oxidation Numbers
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2020
In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules. Oxidation Number (Oxidation State) In the case of an ionic compound, oxidation numbers are assigned based on the number of electrons transferred between reacting species. For example, in the formation of calcium...
05:41
Metabolic Profile Analysis of Zebrafish Embryos
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Cited by 42 •
2013
Zebrafish represent a powerful vertebrate model that has been under-utilised for metabolic studies. Here we describe a rapid way to measure the in vivo metabolic profile of developing zebrafish that allows the comparison of different mitochondrial function parameters between genetically or pharmacologically manipulated embryos, thereby increasing the applicability of this organism.
08:28
Metabolic Labeling
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2023
Metabolic labeling is used to probe the biochemical transformations and modifications that occur in a cell. This is accomplished by using chemical analogs that mimic the structure of natural biomolecules. Cells utilize analogs in their endogenous biochemical processes, producing compounds that are labeled. The label allows for the incorporation of detection and affinity tags, which can then be used to elucidate metabolic pathways using other biochemical analytical techniques, such as SDS-PAGE...
01:15
Pyruvate Oxidation
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2019
After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells. First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
FAQs
NADH and FADH2 carry electrons generated during carbon processing to the electron transport chain. As electrons move through this chain, their transfer drives formation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane. ATP synthase uses that gradient to produce ATP, linking nutrient oxidation to the energy supply required for cellular activities.
NADH and FADH2 connect the citric acid cycle with mitochondrial electron transfer by carrying energized electrons. Oxygen accepts those electrons at the end of the chain, allowing electron flow to continue. This arrangement supports ATP production while contributing to redox balance, which is important when cells must coordinate energy generation with biosynthetic and developmental demands.
Developmental cells can alter their metabolic state as they proliferate, differentiate, or contribute to tissue formation. Changes in oxidative metabolism may therefore affect how much ATP is available, how carbon is processed, and how redox balance is maintained. Examining these changes helps connect cellular metabolism with developmental decisions rather than treating energy production as an isolated process.
Reactive oxygen species provide an additional indicator of the cell’s metabolic state alongside respiration and mitochondrial activity. Measuring them can help reveal how oxidative processes relate to redox balance during embryonic development or stem cell behavior. Their inclusion gives researchers a broader view of metabolic conditions that may accompany changes in proliferation, differentiation, or tissue formation.
A developmental study can combine measurements of cellular respiration, mitochondrial activity, and reactive oxygen species. Respiration reflects activity associated with energy extraction, mitochondrial measurements focus on the organelles that host central steps, and reactive oxygen species indicate a redox-related dimension. Together, these measurements can clarify how metabolic states correspond with developmental outcomes.
Oxidative metabolism is particularly relevant when researchers investigate how embryonic cells form tissues or how stem cells change their behavior. Comparing respiration, mitochondrial activity, and reactive oxygen species across developmental states can reveal associations between metabolism and proliferation or differentiation. This approach provides scientific context for understanding how cellular metabolic conditions accompany developmental transitions.