Name: plant water transport pathways
Uploaded: 2026-08-26T08:20:31.373Z
Duration: 2 min 6 s
Channel: JoVE

K12 Standards

Florida Department of Education

High School

Life Science

SC.912.L.14

SC.912.L.14.7

The Apoplast and Symplast

Planten nemen water en opgeloste mineralen op uit de bodem en transporteren deze middelen naar andere weefsels.
 De middelen komen binnen en bewegen in twee compartementen: de apoplast en de symplast.
 De apoplast is een continu systeem extracellulaire ruimtes, zoals celwanden en lucht tussen de cellen.
Water, gassen en mineralen bewegen vrijelijk en passief door de apoplast zonder plasmamembranen te passeren.
 Plantencellen kunnen ook overmatige protonen afscheiden de apoplast in door veranderingen in pH.
 Bovendien kunnen chemicali&#xEB;n die in de wortel de apoplast ingaan de afscheiding van moleculen triggeren die toxinen binden en uitscheiden.
Het cytoplasma van plantencellen vormt nog een continu systeem, de symplast.
 Aanliggende plantencellen zijn verbonden door kanaaltjes waardoor water en kleine moleculen van de ene naar de andere cel kunnen bewegen.
 Het continu&#xFC;m onderling verbonden plantencellen bevordert het transport van signaalmoleculen zoals hormonen.
Het hormoon cytokinine beweegt vrijelijk door de symplast om celgroei te reguleren.
 De symplast is ook een pad voor kleine RNA&#x27;s, die verdedigingsresponsen activeren tegen plantpathogenen.
 Middelen reizen meestal via zowel de apoplastische en symplastische pathways in de plant.
Zo moeten mineralen die door de wortels worden opgenomen ten minste &#xE9;&#xE9;n keer een semipermeabel membraan passeren om uit de wortel en naar andere plantenweefsels te gaan.

de apoplast en symplast

De groei van planten hangt af van het vermogen om water en opgeloste mineralen uit de bodem op te nemen. Het wortelsysteem van elke plant is uitgerust met de nodige weefsels om de toegang van water en opgeloste stoffen te vergemakkelijken. De plantenweefsels die betrokken zijn bij het transport van water en mineralen hebben twee grote compartimenten: de apoplast en de symplast. De apoplast omvat alles buiten het plasmamembraan van levende cellen en bestaat uit celwanden, extracellulaire ruimtes, xyleem, flo&#xEB;em en trache&#xEF;den. De symplast bestaat daarentegen uit het gehele cytosol van alle levende plantencellen en de plasmodesmata &#x2013; de cytoplasmatische kanalen die de cellen met elkaar verbinden.

Er zijn verschillende mogelijke routes voor moleculen om door de plantenweefsels te bewegen: de apoplastische, symplastische of transmembraanroutes. De apoplastische route omvat de beweging van water en opgeloste mineralen langs celwanden en extracellulaire ruimtes. In de symplastische route bewegen water en opgeloste stoffen langs het cytosol. Eenmaal in deze route moeten materialen het plasmamembraan passeren wanneer ze van cel naar naburige cel gaan, en dat doen ze via de plasmodesmata. Als alternatief kunnen de opgeloste mineralen en het water via de transmembraanroute van cel naar cel bewegen door de celwand te kruisen om de ene cel te verlaten en de volgende binnen te gaan. Deze drie routes sluiten elkaar niet uit, en sommige opgeloste stoffen kunnen in verschillende mate meer dan &#xE9;&#xE9;n route gebruiken.

Een andere mogelijke route is de vacuolaire route, maar deze route is meestal beperkt tot de beweging van watermoleculen. Hier beweegt water door de vacuolen van plantencellen door middel van osmose. Het mechanisme is vergelijkbaar met de symplastische route, maar in plaats van dat het transport beperkt blijft tot het cytosol, stroomt het water door de vacuolen. Verder wordt vacuolair transport vergemakkelijkt door twee protonpompen - ATPase en PPase - die de opname van opgeloste stoffen stimuleren. Vacuolen bestaan ook uit gespecialiseerde transporteiwitten &#x2013; de aquaporines &#x2013; die deelnemen aan het transport van water en opgeloste stoffen zoals glucose en sucrose.

De Apoplast en Symplast

Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary ...

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Education

JoVE Core

Biology

Biologie

Plant Biology

Plantenbiologie

Plant Structure, Growth and Function

Plantstructuur, groei en voeding

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

BELANGRIJKE TERMEN EN CONCEPTEN

plant water transport pathways

Plant water transport pathways help roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. These pathways move materials through plant tissues that support growth and nutrient uptake. The main tissue regions involved are the apoplast and the symplast.

The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells. It contains cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The symplast is the cytosol of all living plant cells, along with the plasmodesmata that connect one cell to the next.

Water and solutes can move through plants by the apoplastic, symplastic, or transmembrane pathway. In the apoplastic pathway, materials travel along cell walls and extracellular spaces. In the symplastic route, they move through the cytosol and pass between neighboring cells through plasmodesmata.

The transmembrane pathway moves dissolved minerals and water from cell to cell by crossing the cell wall as they leave one cell and enter the next. These pathways are not mutually exclusive, and some solutes may use more than one route to different degrees. A fourth option, the vacuolar pathway, is mostly used for water movement.

In the vacuolar pathway, water moves through plant cell vacuoles by osmosis. This route works in a way that is similar to the symplastic pathway, but the water passes through vacuoles instead of staying limited to the cytosol. Vacuolar transport is supported by two proton pumps, ATPase and PPase, and by aquaporins, which are specialized transport proteins that help move water and solutes such as glucose and sucrose.

Plant Water Transport Pathways

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the apoplast and symplast

Plant water transport pathways help roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. These pathways move materials through plant tissues that support growth and nutrient uptake. The main tissue regions involved are the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells. It contains cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The symplast is the cytosol of all living plant cells, along with the plasmodesmata that...

key terms and concepts

Learn how plants move water and minerals through the apoplast, symplast, transmembrane route, and vacuolar pathway in roots and cells.

Plant Water Transport Pathways | JoVE K12

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Plant Water Transport Pathways

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