Nipple Areola
Nipple Areola - Related Videos
13:35
Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
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Cited by 7 •
2024
Here, we present detailed surgical procedures for endoscopic bilateral nipple-sparing mastectomy via a single axillary incision with immediate pre-pectoral implant-based breast reconstruction. This procedure is a secure and viable method for breast cancer patients.
03:40
Orthotopic Injection into the Mammary Fat Pad: Establishing Breast Cancer in Mice
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2023
In this article we discuss how to establish a breast cancer model in female mice by injecting breast cancer cells into the mammary fat pad. The example protocol demonstrates the orthotopic injection.
03:45
Intraductal Injection: Delivering Injection Mix into the Ducts of the Mouse Mammary Gland
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2023
This video describes an intraductal injection technique where we deliver injection mix into the ducts of mouse mammary glands.
06:39
Intraductal Injection for Localized Drug Delivery to the Mouse Mammary Gland
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Cited by 36 •
2013
A protocol for the non-invasive intraductal delivery of aqueous reagents to the mouse mammary gland is described. The method takes advantage of localized injection into the nipples of mammary glands targeting mammary ducts specifically. This technique is adaptable for a variety of compounds including siRNA, chemotherapeutic agents and small molecules.
08:51
Intraductal Injection of LPS as a Mouse Model of Mastitis: Signaling Visualized via an NF-κB Reporter Transgenic
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Cited by 14 •
2012
Described here is a technique in which lipopolysaccharide is injected into the lactating mouse mammary gland via the nipple to simulate mastitis, a condition commonly caused by bacterial infection. Lipopolysaccharide injection results in increased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, visualized through bioluminescent imaging of an NF-κB luciferase reporter mouse.
FAQs
Tactile and thermal stimulation can activate sensory pathways associated with the nipple-areola complex. These pathways connect local input with the neuroendocrine control of breastfeeding, allowing stimulation to participate in a coordinated lactation response. This relationship makes the region important for studying how sensory signals influence mammary function during breastfeeding.
Oxytocin and local smooth muscle activity contribute to different visible and functional outcomes. Oxytocin promotes contraction of mammary myoepithelial cells, supporting milk ejection, whereas contraction of areolar smooth muscle produces nipple erection. Distinguishing these responses helps biology students separate the cellular mechanism that moves milk from the local change in nipple form.
The neuroendocrine connection matters because it links a local sensory event with coordinated mammary activity. Signals arising after tactile or thermal stimulation are relevant to oxytocin-mediated contraction of myoepithelial cells, rather than representing only a surface response. This framework explains why nipple-areola biology is studied alongside mammary development, lactation, and breastfeeding control.
During physical examination, clinicians can treat anatomy and appearance as sources of clinically relevant information. The nipple-areola complex may therefore contribute to assessment of developmental or pathological changes, while its relationship to the underlying mammary gland provides biological context. This is an observational clinical application, not a standalone diagnostic conclusion.
Reconstructive surgery is an application in which the region’s anatomy and appearance matter. Knowledge of the nipple, areola, sensory nerves, smooth muscle, and duct openings provides relevant structural context when considering this specialized mammary region. Studying these features links biological understanding with surgical restoration, although the source does not specify a particular operative technique or outcome.
It provides a way to examine mammary development together with mature lactation and breastfeeding regulation. Researchers can consider structural features, sensory pathways, muscle responses, and oxytocin-related activity as connected aspects of one biological system. This broader perspective is useful when interpreting developmental or pathological changes and relating local anatomy to mammary function.