Name: chemical symbols and element names
Uploaded: 2023-06-23T15:38:43.000Z
Duration: 1 min 9 s
Channel: JoVE

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Chemical Names and Chemical Formulas

Chemical Symbols

Symbole chemiczne to jedno- lub dwuliterowe skróty pierwiastka w układzie okresowym, takie jak C dla węgla, H dla wodoru, O dla tlenu lub Co dla kobaltu.
Pierwsza litera symbolu chemicznego jest zawsze pisana wielką literą. Jeśli symbol ma dwie litery, druga litera jest pisana małymi literami, aby uniknąć pomylenia jej z cząsteczką dwuatomową zapisaną tymi samymi literami.
Większość symboli chemicznych opiera się na pierwszych lub pierwszych dwóch literach angielskiej nazwy pierwiastka, podczas gdy niektóre symbole pochodzą od ich łacińskiej lub greckiej nazwy.
Fe oznaczające żelazo pochodzi od łacińskiej nazwy Ferrum, a sód jest oznaczany jako Na od jego łacińskiej nazwy Natrium. Podobnie Aurum to łacińska nazwa złota, więc jego symbolem jest Au.
Symbol chemiczny może zawierać dodatkowe informacje o tym pierwiastku, takie jak jego liczba atomowa, zwykle zapisywana jako lewy indeks dolny, oraz jego liczba masowa, zwykle zapisywana jako lewy indeks górny.

symbole chemiczne

Symbolem chemicznym jest skrót używany do identyfikacji pierwiastka chemicznego lub atomu danego pierwiastka. Na przykład, symbol rtęci to Hg. Ten sam symbol stosuje się zarówno do wskazania pojedynczego atomu rtęci (w skali mikroskopowej), jak i do oznaczenia pojemnika zawierającego wiele atomów pierwiastka rtęci (w skali makroskopowej).

Niektóre symbole wywodzą się od powszechnie używanej nazwy pierwiastka, podczas gdy inne są skrótami nazwy w innym języku. Większość symboli składa się z jednej lub dwóch liter, jednak stosuje się również trzyliterowe symbole do opisywania pierwiastków o liczbach atomowych większych niż 112. Aby uniknąć pomyłek z innymi oznaczeniami, tylko pierwsza litera symbolu jest zapisywana wielką literą. Na przykład, Co to symbol pierwiastka kobaltu, natomiast CO to oznaczenie związku chemicznego, tlenku węgla, który składa się z atomów pierwiastków węgla (C) i tlenu (O).

Tradycyjnie to odkrywca (lub odkrywcy) nowego pierwiastka nadaje mu nazwę. Jednakże, dopóki nazwa nie zostanie zatwierdzona przez Międzynarodową Unię Chemii Czystej i Stosowanej (IUPAC), zalecaną nazwą nowego pierwiastka jest słowo (lub słowa) łacińskie odpowiadające jego liczbie atomowej. Na przykład, pierwiastek 106 był nazywany unnilhexium (Unh), pierwiastek 107 był nazywany unnilseptium (Uns), a pierwiastek 108 był nazywany unniloctium (Uno) przez kilka lat. Obecnie te pierwiastki są nazwane na cześć naukowców (czasem miejscowości); na przykład pierwiastek 106 jest teraz znany jako seaborgium (Sg) na cześć Glenna Seaborga, laureata Nagrody Nobla, który aktywnie uczestniczył w odkrywaniu kilku ciężkich pierwiastków. Pierwiastek 109, Meitnerium, został nazwany na cześć Lise Meitner, która odkryła rozszczepienie jądra atomowego, zjawiska o ogromnym wpływie na świat.

Ten tekst jest adaptacją z <a href="https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/2-3-atomic-structure-and-symbolism">Openstax, Chemistry 2e, Section 2.3: Atomic Structure and Symbolism</a>

Symbole chemiczne

Symbol chemiczny to skrót używany do wskazania pierwiastka lub atomu pierwiastka. Na przykład symbolem rtęci jest Hg. Korzystamy z ...

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chemical symbols and element names

Chemical symbols are short abbreviations that stand for an element or a single atom of that element. Mercury, for example, has the symbol Hg. The same symbol can point to one atom of mercury in the microscopic domain or to a sample labeled as many atoms of mercury in the macroscopic domain.

Many symbols come from the element’s common name. Others are shortened from a name in another language. Most chemical symbols use one or two letters. For a few elements with atomic numbers above 112, three-letter symbols have also been used.

Capitalization matters in chemical notation. Only the first letter of a symbol is capitalized, which helps avoid confusion with other symbols. Co means cobalt, but CO means carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide contains carbon, written as C, and oxygen, written as O.

New elements are traditionally named by the discoverer or discoverers. Before the name is accepted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, or IUPAC, the temporary name is based on Latin words for the element’s atomic number. Element 106 was called unnilhexium (Unh), element 107 was unnilseptium (Uns), and element 108 was unniloctium (Uno) for several years.

Many newly named elements now honor scientists or sometimes places. Element 106 is now seaborgium (Sg), named for Glenn Seaborg, a Nobel Prize winner who helped discover several heavy elements. Element 109 is meitnerium, named for Lise Meitner, whose work on nuclear fission had world-changing impacts.

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Chemical Symbols and Element Names

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