Retinal Cell Transfection
Retinal Cell Transfection - Related Videos
05:26
Transfection of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells by in vivo Electroporation
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Cited by 5 •
2011
We demonstrate an in vivo electroporation protocol for transfecting single or small clusters of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and other retinal cell types in postnatal mice over a wide range of ages. The ability to label and genetically manipulate postnatal RGCs in vivo is a powerful tool for developmental studies.
10:24
Transfecting and Nucleofecting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Cited by 26 •
2011
Despite recent advancements in genetic modification, transfection of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) remains a capricious process. To our knowledge, systematic and efficient methods to transfect human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have not been reported. Here, we describe robust protocols to efficiently transfect and nucleofect human iPSCs.
07:28
An Introduction to Transfection
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2023
Transfection is the process of inserting genetic material, such as DNA and double stranded RNA, into mammalian cells. The insertion of DNA into a cell enables the expression, or production, of proteins using the cells own machinery, whereas insertion of RNA into a cell is used to down-regulate the production of a specific protein by stopping translation. While the site of action for transfected RNA is the cytoplasm, DNA must be transported to the nucleus for effective transfection. There, the...
08:46
Single Cell Transfection in Chick Embryos
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Cited by 3 •
2010
Using fine tip micropipettes we inject plasmid DNA into subdomains of chicken somites or neural tubes. The concentration of the plasmid is adjusted to generate single transfected cells. We then allow the cells to develop into clonal populations.
12:58
Transfecting RAW264.7 Cells with a Luciferase Reporter Gene
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Cited by 13 •
2015
Transfection into the macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, is difficult due to the cell’s natural response against foreign materials. We described here a gentle yet robust procedure for transfecting luciferase reporter genes into RAW264.7 cells.
FAQs
The delivery system determines how foreign nucleic acids cross the retinal cell membrane and become available inside the cell. Viral vectors and nonviral carriers provide alternative ways to transport DNA, RNA, or gene-editing components, while the selected cargo determines whether gene activity is produced, suppressed, or modified. This choice shapes which cellular processes can be examined.
DNA, RNA, and gene-editing components can produce different forms of genetic manipulation. DNA may support production of a selected protein, RNA can be used to suppress gene activity, and editing components can modify a target gene. Matching the cargo to the biological question allows investigators to distinguish effects of gene expression from broader gene modification.
Retinal neurons and progenitor cells participate in different developmental processes, so manipulating a candidate gene in one population may reveal effects that are not apparent in another. Transfection experiments can therefore connect gene activity with cell fate, differentiation, migration, or tissue organization. Comparing these cellular contexts helps clarify how the developing retina is assembled.
A typical workflow selects a candidate gene and a suitable nucleic acid cargo, packages or combines that cargo with a viral vector or nonviral carrier, and introduces it into retinal cells. The cells are then examined for the intended change in gene activity or protein production. Researchers relate that molecular change to a developmental or functional outcome.
Post-transfection analysis can focus on whether a candidate gene changes retinal cell fate, differentiation, migration, or tissue organization. Investigators may also determine whether the manipulation produces, suppresses, or modifies a specific protein. These outcomes connect molecular intervention with visible developmental consequences and help identify mechanisms that control retinal formation and function.
This approach is useful when researchers need to test whether particular genes contribute to retinal development or function rather than only observe their activity. It supports studies of inherited eye disorders and can inform regenerative strategies and potential gene-based treatments. Developmental experiments also provide context for interpreting how altered gene activity affects retinal tissue organization.