Back to chapter

7.15:

๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ž์™€ ๋ณด์กฐํšจ์†Œ

JoVE Core
Biology
A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content.  Sign in or start your free trial.
JoVE Core Biology
Cofactors and Coenzymes

Languages

Share

– [๊ฐ•์‚ฌ] ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํšจ์†Œ๋Š”๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค์ด ๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด๊ธˆ์† ์ด์˜จ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ ๋น„๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ฒซ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ž ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„ค์Š˜์€ ATP์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด๋‘ ์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค์ด ์ž‘์šฉ์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ธ์‚ฐ์—ผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ดํšจ์†Œ ํ—ฅ์†Œํ‚ค๋‚˜์•„์ œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ๊ธ€๋ฃจ์ฝ”์˜ค์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ธ€๋ฃจ์ฝ”์˜ค์Šค 6-์ธ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„ค์Š˜์€ATP์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ž์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ธ ๋ณดํšจ์†Œ๋Š”์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ์˜ ์œ ๋„์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ C๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณดํšจ์†Œ๋กœ์„œ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ์ด ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™” ํšจ์†Œ์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด๋’ค์ด์–ด ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ C๊ฐ€ ํšจ์†Œ์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜๊ณ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ฆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋ถ„ํ•ด๋œ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™” ํšจ์†Œ์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ์ฝœ๋ผ๊ฒ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š”๋ฐ์ด๋Š” ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์ค‘ ๋‚˜์„  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉฐ์œ ์ง€์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด ์กฐ์ง์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

7.15:

๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ž์™€ ๋ณด์กฐํšจ์†Œ

ํšจ์†Œ๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ž์™€ ๋ณด์กฐํšจ์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ž(cofactor)๋Š” ๊ธˆ์† ์ด์˜จ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณด์กฐํšจ์†Œ(coenzyme)๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์œ ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํšจ์†Œ์— ๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ(substrate)์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ž๋Š” ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์•ฝ 30%์— ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ž๋Š” ์ž์ฃผ ํšจ์†Œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ์ ‘ํž ๋•Œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ํšจ์†Œ์˜ ์ด‰๋งค ํ™œ๋™์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„ค์Š˜์€ DNA ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ(DNA polymerase; DNA ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค)๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ์ธ์ฒด์˜ 300์—ฌ ํšจ์†Œ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. DNA ์ค‘ํ•ฉํšจ์†Œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งˆ๊ทธ๋„ค์Š˜ ์ด์˜จ์€ DNA ๋ผˆ๋Œ€์˜ ์ธ์‚ฐ๋‹ค์ด์—์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ(phosphodiester bond; ํฌ์Šคํฌ๋‹ค์ด์—์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ) ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋•์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ , ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ฝ”๋ฐœํŠธ, ๋ง๊ฐ„๋„ ํ”ํ•œ ๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ์€ ๋น„๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์œ ๊ธฐ ๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ ๋ถ„์ž์ธ ๋ณด์กฐํšจ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ B์˜ ์ผ์ข…์ธ ๋น„์˜คํ‹ด(biotin)์€ ๋ถ„์ž์—์„œ ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํšจ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์˜คํ‹ด, ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผ A ๋“ฑ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹๋‹จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ญ์ทจ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Suggested Reading

Tong, Liang. "Structure and function of biotin-dependent carboxylases." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 70, no. 5 (2013): 863-891. [Source]

Yang, Wei, Jae Young Lee, and Marcin Nowotny. "Making and breaking nucleic acids: two-Mg2+-ion catalysis and substrate specificity." Molecular Cell 22, no. 1 (2006): 5-13. [Source]